1:比较和排序的概念
比较:两个实体类之间按>,=,<进行比较。
排序:在集合类中,对集合类中的实体进行排序。排序基于的算法基于实体类提供的比较函数。
基本型别都提供了默认的比较算法,如string提供了按字母进行比较,int提供了按整数大小进行比较。
2:Comparable与Comparator
but,光看概念没有任何意义,我们不知道这对代码来说意味着什么;
我们首先看这样一段代码:
public class CollectorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(new Student("a", 3));
students.add(new Student("c", 2));
students.add(new Student("b", 1));
students.add(new Student("d", 4));
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.printf("name:%s, age: %d \n", student.name, student.age);
}
}
}class Student {
public String name;
public int age;
public Student(String name, int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}
以上是创建了四个学生,并遍历一遍。但是现在我们需要按年龄大小进行遍历,怎么办?这个时候排序接口就发挥作用了。可以为Student提供排序的接口Comparable,如下,
public class CollectorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(new Student("a", 3));
students.add(new Student("c", 2));
students.add(new Student("b", 1));
students.add(new Student("d", 4));
Collections.sort(students);
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.printf("name:%s, age: %d \n", student.name, student.age);
}
}
}class Student implements Comparable{
public String name;
public int age;
public Student(String name, int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
Student student = (Student)o;
if (age> student.age)
{
return 1;
}
else if (age == student.age)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
//return Integer.valueOf(age).compareTo(Integer.valueOf(student.age));
}
}
输出的结果为:
name:b, age: 1
name:c, age: 2
name:a, age: 3
name:d, age: 4
很棒。PS:注意排序方法中最后被注释掉的一行,排序方法中的逻辑可以被这一行代替,只不过为了给大家演示期间,我还原了这个Integer的compareTo方法。
现在问题来了,我不想用年龄进行排序了,我想用姓名进行排序,该怎么办?要知道我们只能实现一个排序接口,排序接口只有一个方法。这个时候,比较器就派上用场了!
我们实现一个name的比较器,如下:
public class CollectorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(new Student("a", 3));
students.add(new Student("c", 2));
students.add(new Student("b", 1));
students.add(new Student("d", 4));
//Collections.sort(students);
students.sort(new NameSorter());
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.printf("name:%s, age: %d \n", student.name, student.age);
}
}
}class Student implements Comparable{
public String name;
public int age;
public Student(String name, int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
Student student = (Student)o;
if (age> student.age)
{
return 1;
}
else if (age == student.age)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
//return Integer.valueOf(age).compareTo(Integer.valueOf(student.age));
}
}class NameSorter implements Comparator{
@Override
public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
Student s1 =(Student) o1;
Student s2 =(Student) o2;
return s1.name.compareTo(s2.name);
}
}
现在的结果:
name:a, age: 3
name:b, age: 1
name:c, age: 2
name:d, age: 4
将来我们要按照性别,按照学生成绩排序,可能还会有更多更多的排序的要求,那就去实现更多的比较器就行了。
3:Comparable与Comparator的泛型版本Comparable<T>与Comparator<T>
如果我们稍有经验,我们就会发现上面的代码的接口Comparable与Comparator都是已经不建议使用了。当泛型出来后,所有非泛型集合类和接口都已经建议尽量不使用了。至于原因,从上面的代码中我们也可以看出一点端倪。
注意查看compare函数,如:
Student s1 =(Student) o1;
Student s2 =(Student) o2;
我们发现这个函数进行了装箱和拆箱。而这是会影响性能的。如果我们的集合中有成千上万个复杂的实体对象,则在排序的时候所耗费掉的性能就是客观的。而泛型的出现,就可以避免掉拆箱和装箱。
故,我们就该实现Comparable<T>与Comparator<T>。最终的代码如下:
package com.zuikc.se.collectors;
/**
* 排序和比较器的用法,Comparable与Comparator,java中的排序与比较
* author:最课程(zuikc.com)
*/
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;public class CollectorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {ArrayList<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
students.add(new Student("a", 3));
students.add(new Student("c", 2));
students.add(new Student("b", 1));
students.add(new Student("d", 4));
//Collections.sort(students);
students.sort(new NameSorter());
for (Student student : students) {
System.out.printf("name:%s, age: %d \n", student.name, student.age);
}
}
}class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
public String name;
public int age;
public Student(String name, int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}@Override
public int compareTo(Student student) {
if (age> student.age)
{
return 1;
}
else if (age == student.age)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return -1;
}
//return Integer.valueOf(age).compareTo(Integer.valueOf(student.age));
}
}class NameSorter implements Comparator<Student>{
@Override
public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
return s1.name.compareTo(s2.name);
}
}