c++学习笔记：lvalues, rvalues, 左值引用， 右值引用（c++11起）

int a = 12;
int b = a+1;

int foo(){
    return 2;
}

a--左值

12--右值

a+1--右值

foo()--右值

int foo(){
    return 2;
}

foo() = 2;//错误。foo()是右值

int& foo1(){
    int a = 3
    return a;
}

foo1() = 2;//正确，foo1()是左值

int& a = 2;//错误，a为左值引用，不能赋右值

const int& a = 2;//正确，a为左值引用，但是是const，可以赋右值

下面是左值引用示例，PrintName函数参数为左值引用 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

void PrintName(std::string& name) {
	std::cout << name << std::endl;
}

int main() {

	std::string firstName = "fname";
	std::string lastName = "lname";

	std::string fullName = firstName + lastName;

	PrintName(fullName);//正确

	PrintName(firstName + lastName);//错误

	std::cin.get();
}

下面是右值引用示例，PrintName函数参数为右值引用 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

void PrintName(std::string&& name) {
	std::cout << name << std::endl;
}

int main() {

	std::string firstName = "fname";
	std::string lastName = "lname";

	std::string fullName = firstName + lastName;

	PrintName(fullName);//错误

	PrintName(firstName + lastName);//正确

	std::cin.get();
}