除了一般的赋值和取值的方法,我们还可以用Key-Value-Coding(KVC)键值编码来访问你要存取的类的属性。
下图来自苹果官网:
如何使用KVC存取对象属性呢?看个示例
1、使用KVC
定义一个Student类,继承于NSObject。
.h文件
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @interface Student : NSObject
- {
- NSString *name;
- }
- @end
- #import "Student.h"
- @implementation Student
- @end
.m文件也没有实现。name属性没有加property,原来的访问方法就访问不了name属性了。怎么办呢?用kvc就可以了
- #import "Student.h"
- int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
- {
- @autoreleasepool {
- Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
- [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
- NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
- NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
- }
- return 0;
- }
打印结果:
2012-07-20 15:04:09.920 objectiveC[1977:403] 学生姓名:张三
张三 这个值存进去了,通过valueForKey取出来了。
如果存的时候key和类属性的名称不一致会怎么样呢?
代码改成
[student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name1"];
运行,程序崩溃 ,打印:
2012-07-20 15:09:40.432 objectiveC[2069:403] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSUnknownKeyException', reason: '[<Student 0x106f14270> setValue:forUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key name1.'
提示没有这个name1 这个key。
2、键路径访问属性
如果访问这个类里中的属性中的属性呢?那就用到了键路径
关键字:键路径取值valueForKeyPath 键路径存值:forKeyPath
新建一个类Course,课程类,课程类有课程名称这个属性
.h文件
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @interface Course : NSObject
- {
- NSString *CourseName;
- }
- @end
- #import "Student.h"
- @implementation Student
- @end
在Student中添加Course属性 ,student.h文件中代码如下:
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @class Course;
- @interface Student : NSObject
- {
- NSString *name;
- Course *course;
- }
- @end
实现还是什么都没有,这里就不贴代码了
在main方法中,我们实验通过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性
- #import "Student.h"
- #import "Course.h"
- int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
- {
- @autoreleasepool {
- Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
- [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
- NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
- NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
- Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
- [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
- [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
- NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
- NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
- //也可以这样存值
- [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
- courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
- NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
- }
- return 0;
- }
运行打印结果:
2012-07-20 15:33:51.902 objectiveC[2415:403] 学生姓名:张三
2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:语文课
2012-07-20 15:33:51.904 objectiveC[2415:403] 课程名称:数学课
3、自动封装基本数据类型
我们在Student类中添加分数属性 NSInteger point;
.h文件
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @class Course;
- @interface Student : NSObject
- {
- NSString *name;
- Course *course;
- NSInteger point;
- }
- @end
下面是main示例了
- #import "Student.h"
- #import "Course.h"
- int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
- {
- @autoreleasepool {
- Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
- [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
- NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
- NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
- Course *course = [[[Course alloc]init] autorelease];
- [course setValue:@"语文课" forKey:@"CourseName"];
- [student setValue:course forKey:@"course"];
- NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
- NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
- //也可以这样存值
- [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
- courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"course.CourseName"];
- NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
- [student setValue:@"88" forKeyPath:@"point"];
- NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
- NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);
- }
- return 0;
- }
打印结果:
2012-07-20 15:43:19.593 objectiveC[2533:403] 学生姓名:张三
2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:语文课
2012-07-20 15:43:19.596 objectiveC[2533:403] 课程名称:数学课
2012-07-20 15:43:19.598 objectiveC[2533:403] 分数:88
我们用NSString*类型设置的属性值@"88",而我们的属性是NSInteger类型的,存取都没有问题。
4、操作集合
在Student类中加入数组NSArray,用来表示其他的学生。这样我们可以添加多个其他的学生,再用集合操作计算学生的分数,最高分,最低分,平均分等
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @class Course;
- @interface Student : NSObject
- {
- NSString *name;
- Course *course;
- NSInteger point;
- NSArray *otherStudent;
- }
- @end
.m文件实现不变。
在main函数中添加三个学生,添加到数组中,然后求平均分,最高,最低分,学生数量
- #import "Student.h"
- #import "Course.h"
- int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
- {
- @autoreleasepool {
- Student *student = [[[Student alloc]init ]autorelease];
- [student setValue:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
- NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"name"];
- NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
- [student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"];
- NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
- NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);
- Student *student1 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
- Student *student2 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
- Student *student3 = [[[Student alloc]init]autorelease];
- [student1 setValue:@"65" forKey:@"point"];
- [student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"];
- [student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"];
- NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil];
- [student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"];
- NSLog(@"其他学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]);
- NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]);
- NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]);
- NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]);
- NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]);
- }
- return 0;
- }
运行打印结果
2012-07-20 16:09:17.101 objectiveC[2857:403] 学生姓名:张三
2012-07-20 16:09:17.104 objectiveC[2857:403] 分数:88
2012-07-20 16:09:17.105 objectiveC[2857:403] 其他学生的成绩(
65,
77,
99
)
2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 共3个学生
2012-07-20 16:09:17.106 objectiveC[2857:403] 最高成绩:99
2012-07-20 16:09:17.107 objectiveC[2857:403] 最低成绩:65
2012-07-20 16:09:17.108 objectiveC[2857:403] 平均成绩:80.333333333333333333333333333333333333
还可以求总和 @sum。