复习:这门课程得主要目的是通过真实的数据，以实战的方式了解数据分析的流程和熟悉数据分析python的基本操作。知道了课程的目的之后，我们接下来我们要正式的开始数据分析的实战教学，完成kaggle上泰坦尼克的任务，实战数据分析全流程。
这里有两份资料：
教材《Python for Data Analysis》和 baidu.com &
google.com（善用搜索引擎）
1 第一章：数据载入及初步观察
1.1 载入数据
数据集下载 https://www.kaggle.com/c/titanic/overview
1.1.1 任务一：导入numpy和pandas
#写入代码
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
【提示】如果加载失败，学会如何在你的python环境下安装numpy和pandas这两个库
1.1.2 任务二：载入数据
(1) 使用相对路径载入数据
(2) 使用绝对路径载入数据
import os
os.getcwd()
'D:\\numpypandas\\hands-on-data-analysis-master\\hands-on-data-analysis-master\\第一单元项目集合'
#写入代码
df = pd.read_csv('train.csv')
df
| PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
| 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
| 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
| 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 886 | 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27.0 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13.0000 | NaN | S |
| 887 | 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19.0 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30.0000 | B42 | S |
| 888 | 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.4500 | NaN | S |
| 889 | 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30.0000 | C148 | C |
| 890 | 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32.0 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.7500 | NaN | Q |
891 rows × 12 columns
#写入代码
df = pd.read_table(r'D:\numpypandas\hands-on-data-analysis-master\hands-on-data-analysis-master\第一单元项目集合\train.csv',sep=',')
df.head()
| PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22.0 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.2500 | NaN | S |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38.0 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
| 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26.0 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.9250 | NaN | S |
| 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35.0 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1000 | C123 | S |
| 4 | 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35.0 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.0500 | NaN | S |
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【提示】相对路径载入报错时，尝试使用os.getcwd()查看当前工作目录。
【思考】知道数据加载的方法后，试试pd.read_csv()和pd.read_table()的不同，如果想让他们效果一样，需要怎么做？了解一下’.tsv’和’.csv’的不同，如何加载这两个数据集？
【总结】加载的数据是所有工作的第一步，我们的工作会接触到不同的数据格式（eg:.csv;.tsv;.xlsx）,但是加载的方法和思路都是一样的，在以后工作和做项目的过程中，遇到之前没有碰到的问题，要多多查资料吗，使用googel，了解业务逻辑，明白输入和输出是什么。
1.1.3 任务三：每1000行为一个数据模块，逐块读取
#写入代码
chunker = pd.read_csv('train.csv',chunksize=1000)
print(type(chunker))
for piece in chunker:
print(piece)
<class 'pandas.io.parsers.readers.TextFileReader'>
PassengerId Survived Pclass \
0 1 0 3
1 2 1 1
2 3 1 3
3 4 1 1
4 5 0 3
.. ... ... ...
886 887 0 2
887 888 1 1
888 889 0 3
889 890 1 1
890 891 0 3
Name Sex Age SibSp \
0 Braund, Mr. Owen Harris male 22.0 1
1 Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... female 38.0 1
2 Heikkinen, Miss. Laina female 26.0 0
3 Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) female 35.0 1
4 Allen, Mr. William Henry male 35.0 0
.. ... ... ... ...
886 Montvila, Rev. Juozas male 27.0 0
887 Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith female 19.0 0
888 Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" female NaN 1
889 Behr, Mr. Karl Howell male 26.0 0
890 Dooley, Mr. Patrick male 32.0 0
Parch Ticket Fare Cabin Embarked
0 0 A/5 21171 7.2500 NaN S
1 0 PC 17599 71.2833 C85 C
2 0 STON/O2. 3101282 7.9250 NaN S
3 0 113803 53.1000 C123 S
4 0 373450 8.0500 NaN S
.. ... ... ... ... ...
886 0 211536 13.0000 NaN S
887 0 112053 30.0000 B42 S
888 2 W./C. 6607 23.4500 NaN S
889 0 111369 30.0000 C148 C
890 0 370376 7.7500 NaN Q
[891 rows x 12 columns]
【思考】什么是逐块读取？为什么要逐块读取呢？
【提示】大家可以chunker(数据块)是什么类型？用for循环打印出来出处具体的样子是什么？
1.1.4 任务四：将表头改成中文，索引改为乘客ID [对于某些英文资料，我们可以通过翻译来更直观的熟悉我们的数据]
PassengerId => 乘客ID
Survived => 是否幸存
Pclass => 乘客等级(1/2/3等舱位)
Name => 乘客姓名
Sex => 性别
Age => 年龄
SibSp => 堂兄弟/妹个数
Parch => 父母与小孩个数
Ticket => 船票信息
Fare => 票价
Cabin => 客舱
Embarked => 登船港口
#写入代码
df = pd.read_csv("train.csv",names=['乘客ID','是否幸存','仓位等级','姓名','性别','年龄','兄弟姐妹个数','父母子女个数','船票信息','票价','客舱','登船港口'],index_col='乘客ID')
df
| 是否幸存 | 仓位等级 | 姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 兄弟姐妹个数 | 父母子女个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乘客ID | |||||||||||
| PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked |
| 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.25 | NaN | S |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
| 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.925 | NaN | S |
| 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1 | C123 | S |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13 | NaN | S |
| 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30 | B42 | S |
| 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.45 | NaN | S |
| 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30 | C148 | C |
| 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.75 | NaN | Q |
892 rows × 11 columns
【思考】所谓将表头改为中文其中一个思路是：将英文列名表头替换成中文。还有其他的方法吗？
1.2 初步观察
导入数据后，你可能要对数据的整体结构和样例进行概览，比如说，数据大小、有多少列，各列都是什么格式的，是否包含null等
1.2.1 任务一：查看数据的基本信息
#写入代码
df.info()
df.describe()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 892 entries, PassengerId to 891
Data columns (total 11 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 是否幸存 892 non-null object
1 仓位等级 892 non-null object
2 姓名 892 non-null object
3 性别 892 non-null object
4 年龄 715 non-null object
5 兄弟姐妹个数 892 non-null object
6 父母子女个数 892 non-null object
7 船票信息 892 non-null object
8 票价 892 non-null object
9 客舱 205 non-null object
10 登船港口 890 non-null object
dtypes: object(11)
memory usage: 83.6+ KB
| 是否幸存 | 仓位等级 | 姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 兄弟姐妹个数 | 父母子女个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| count | 892 | 892 | 892 | 892 | 715 | 892 | 892 | 892 | 892 | 205 | 890 |
| unique | 3 | 4 | 892 | 3 | 89 | 8 | 8 | 682 | 249 | 148 | 4 |
| top | 0 | 3 | Name | male | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1601 | 8.05 | C23 C25 C27 | S |
| freq | 549 | 491 | 1 | 577 | 30 | 608 | 678 | 7 | 43 | 4 | 644 |
【提示】有多个函数可以这样做，你可以做一下总结
1.2.2 任务二：观察表格前10行的数据和后15行的数据
#写入代码
df.head(10)
| 是否幸存 | 仓位等级 | 姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 兄弟姐妹个数 | 父母子女个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乘客ID | |||||||||||
| PassengerId | Survived | Pclass | Name | Sex | Age | SibSp | Parch | Ticket | Fare | Cabin | Embarked |
| 1 | 0 | 3 | Braund, Mr. Owen Harris | male | 22 | 1 | 0 | A/5 21171 | 7.25 | NaN | S |
| 2 | 1 | 1 | Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th... | female | 38 | 1 | 0 | PC 17599 | 71.2833 | C85 | C |
| 3 | 1 | 3 | Heikkinen, Miss. Laina | female | 26 | 0 | 0 | STON/O2. 3101282 | 7.925 | NaN | S |
| 4 | 1 | 1 | Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel) | female | 35 | 1 | 0 | 113803 | 53.1 | C123 | S |
| 5 | 0 | 3 | Allen, Mr. William Henry | male | 35 | 0 | 0 | 373450 | 8.05 | NaN | S |
| 6 | 0 | 3 | Moran, Mr. James | male | NaN | 0 | 0 | 330877 | 8.4583 | NaN | Q |
| 7 | 0 | 1 | McCarthy, Mr. Timothy J | male | 54 | 0 | 0 | 17463 | 51.8625 | E46 | S |
| 8 | 0 | 3 | Palsson, Master. Gosta Leonard | male | 2 | 3 | 1 | 349909 | 21.075 | NaN | S |
| 9 | 1 | 3 | Johnson, Mrs. Oscar W (Elisabeth Vilhelmina Berg) | female | 27 | 0 | 2 | 347742 | 11.1333 | NaN | S |
#写入代码
df.tail(15)
| 是否幸存 | 仓位等级 | 姓名 | 性别 | 年龄 | 兄弟姐妹个数 | 父母子女个数 | 船票信息 | 票价 | 客舱 | 登船港口 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 乘客ID | |||||||||||
| 877 | 0 | 3 | Gustafsson, Mr. Alfred Ossian | male | 20 | 0 | 0 | 7534 | 9.8458 | NaN | S |
| 878 | 0 | 3 | Petroff, Mr. Nedelio | male | 19 | 0 | 0 | 349212 | 7.8958 | NaN | S |
| 879 | 0 | 3 | Laleff, Mr. Kristo | male | NaN | 0 | 0 | 349217 | 7.8958 | NaN | S |
| 880 | 1 | 1 | Potter, Mrs. Thomas Jr (Lily Alexenia Wilson) | female | 56 | 0 | 1 | 11767 | 83.1583 | C50 | C |
| 881 | 1 | 2 | Shelley, Mrs. William (Imanita Parrish Hall) | female | 25 | 0 | 1 | 230433 | 26 | NaN | S |
| 882 | 0 | 3 | Markun, Mr. Johann | male | 33 | 0 | 0 | 349257 | 7.8958 | NaN | S |
| 883 | 0 | 3 | Dahlberg, Miss. Gerda Ulrika | female | 22 | 0 | 0 | 7552 | 10.5167 | NaN | S |
| 884 | 0 | 2 | Banfield, Mr. Frederick James | male | 28 | 0 | 0 | C.A./SOTON 34068 | 10.5 | NaN | S |
| 885 | 0 | 3 | Sutehall, Mr. Henry Jr | male | 25 | 0 | 0 | SOTON/OQ 392076 | 7.05 | NaN | S |
| 886 | 0 | 3 | Rice, Mrs. William (Margaret Norton) | female | 39 | 0 | 5 | 382652 | 29.125 | NaN | Q |
| 887 | 0 | 2 | Montvila, Rev. Juozas | male | 27 | 0 | 0 | 211536 | 13 | NaN | S |
| 888 | 1 | 1 | Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith | female | 19 | 0 | 0 | 112053 | 30 | B42 | S |
| 889 | 0 | 3 | Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie" | female | NaN | 1 | 2 | W./C. 6607 | 23.45 | NaN | S |
| 890 | 1 | 1 | Behr, Mr. Karl Howell | male | 26 | 0 | 0 | 111369 | 30 | C148 | C |
| 891 | 0 | 3 | Dooley, Mr. Patrick | male | 32 | 0 | 0 | 370376 | 7.75 | NaN | Q |
1.2.4 任务三：判断数据是否为空，为空的地方返回True，其余地方返回False
#写入代码
df
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