C#+OpenGL编程之OpenGL 材质

  本文基础:C#+OpenGL编程之环境搭建


  原书用了12个样本球显示各种材质效果,原书的auxSolidSphere这个函数,C# 没有封装,我就把例程修改为12个正方形。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Tao.OpenGl;
using Tao.Glfw;

namespace OpenGL
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 第四章 OpenGl 材质 C# by 大师♂罗莊
    /// </summary>
    class Material : Examplefirst
    {
        public Material()
            : base()
        {

            base.title = "第四章 OpenGl 材质";
        }





        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化视口投影,恢复原书的视口
        /// </summary>
        public override void iniView(int windowWidth, int windowHeight)
        {
            Glu.gluPerspective(45.0f, windowWidth / windowHeight, 1.0f, 100.0f);
            Gl.glMatrixMode(Gl.GL_MODELVIEW);
            Gl.glLoadIdentity();

            /** 用户自定义的初始化过程 */
            ///定义光源Gl.GL_LIGHT0
            float[] ambient = new float[] { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; /**< 环境光 */
            float[] diffuse = new float[] { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; /**< 漫射光 */
            float[] specular = new float[] { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };/**< 镜面光 */
            float[] position = new float[] { 0.0f, 3.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f };/**< 光源位置 */

            ///设置光源属性
            Gl.glLightfv(Gl.GL_LIGHT0, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, ambient);
            Gl.glLightfv(Gl.GL_LIGHT0, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, diffuse);
            Gl.glLightfv(Gl.GL_LIGHT0, Gl.GL_POSITION, position);

            ///初始化
            Gl.glClearColor(0.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.0f);
            Gl.glClearDepth(1.0f);
            Gl.glDepthFunc(Gl.GL_LEQUAL);
            Gl.glEnable(Gl.GL_DEPTH_TEST);
            Gl.glShadeModel(Gl.GL_SMOOTH);

            Gl.glEnable(Gl.GL_LIGHTING); /**< 启用光源 */
            Gl.glEnable(Gl.GL_LIGHT0);  /**< 启用0号光源 */
            Gl.glEnable(Gl.GL_NORMALIZE);

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 重载,使用Draw方法绘图
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="mouseX"></param>
        /// <param name="currentTime"></param>
        public override void DrawGLScene(int mouseX, double currentTime)
        {
            Draw();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 重载
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="mouseX"></param>
        /// <param name="currentTime"></param>
        public override void Update(float milliseconds)
        {
            //按下ESC结束
            isRunning = ((Glfw.glfwGetKey(Glfw.GLFW_KEY_ESC) == Glfw.GLFW_RELEASE) &&
                Glfw.glfwGetWindowParam(Glfw.GLFW_OPENED) == Gl.GL_TRUE);


        }

        /** 绘制函数 */
        void Draw()
        {
            /** 用户自定义的绘制过程 */
            ///定义材质属性值
            float[] no_mat = new float[] { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }; /** < 无材质颜色 */
            float[] mat_ambient = new float[] { 0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f }; /** < 环境颜色 */
            float[] mat_ambient_color = new float[] { 0.8f, 0.6f, 0.2f, 1.0f };
            float[] mat_diffuse = new float[] { 0.2f, 0.5f, 0.8f, 1.0f };/** < 散射颜色 */
            float[] mat_specular = new float[] { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };/** < 镜面反射颜色 */
            float[] no_shininess = new float[] { 0.0f };              /** < 镜面反射指数为0 */
            float[] low_shininess = new float[] { 5.0f };             /** < 镜面反射指数为5.0 */
            float[] high_shininess = new float[] { 100.0f };          /** < 镜面反射指数为100.0 */
            float[] mat_emission = new float[] { 0.3f, 0.2f, 0.3f, 0.0f }; /** < 发射光颜色 */

            //清除缓存并重置单位矩阵
            Gl.glClear(Gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | Gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
            Gl.glLoadIdentity();

            /** 第一行第一列绘制的球仅有漫反射光而无环境光和镜面光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(-2.0f, 1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第一行第二列绘制的球有漫反射光和镜面光,并有低高光,而无环境光 。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(-0.75f, 1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第一行第三列绘制的球有漫反射光和镜面光,并有很亮的高光,而无环境光 。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(0.75f, 1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, high_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第一行第四列绘制的球有漫反射光和辐射光,而无环境和镜面反射光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(2.0f, 1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, mat_emission);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第二行第一列绘制的球有漫反射光和环境光,而镜面反射光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(-2.0f, 0.0f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第二行第二列绘制的球有漫反射光、环境光和镜面光,且有低高光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(-0.75f, 0.0f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第二行第三列绘制的球有漫反射光、环境光和镜面光,且有很亮的高光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(0.75f, 0.0f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, high_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第二行第四列绘制的球有漫反射光、环境光和辐射光,而无镜面光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(2f, 0.0f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, mat_emission);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第三行第一列绘制的球有漫反射光和有颜色的环境光,而无镜面光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(-2.0f, -1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第三行第二列绘制的球有漫反射光和有颜色的环境光以及镜面光,且有低高光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(-0.75f, -1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, low_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第三行第三列绘制的球有漫反射光和有颜色的环境光以及镜面光,且有很亮的高光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(0.75f, -1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, high_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, no_mat);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            /** 第三行第四列绘制的球有漫反射光和有颜色的环境光以及辐射光,而无镜面光。*/
            Gl.glPushMatrix();
            Gl.glTranslatef(2f, -1.75f, -6.0f);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);
            Gl.glMaterialfv(Gl.GL_FRONT, Gl.GL_EMISSION, mat_emission);
            auxSolidSphere(0.3f);
            Gl.glPopMatrix();

            Gl.glFlush();													/**< 强制执行所有的OpenGl.GL命令 */
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 由于没有auxSolidSphere这个辅助函数,我做了修改,改为正方形
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="p"></param>
        private void auxSolidSphere(float p)
        {
         

            Gl.glColor3f(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);    /**< 灰色 */
            Gl.glScalef(p, p, p);
            DrawCube();
         

        }

        public void DrawCube()
        {
            Gl.glBegin(Gl.GL_QUADS);

            Gl.glColor3f(1, 0, 0);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);

            Gl.glColor3f(1, 1, 0);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);

            Gl.glColor3f(1, 0, 1);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);

            Gl.glColor3f(0, 1, 0);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

            Gl.glColor3f(0, 0, 1);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);

            Gl.glColor3f(0, 1, 1);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
            Gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);

            Gl.glEnd();
        }
    }
}

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