鸿蒙系统学习六-Ability之间跳转和传参

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-14 15:41:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-14 15:41:05 发布

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分类专栏：鸿蒙系统 ohos Android 文章标签：华为 harmonyos

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/luwei233/article/details/119752487

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本文介绍了在HarmonyOS中如何在AbilitySlice之间进行跳转，包括在同一Page内的present方法跳转，使用presentForResult进行有结果返回的跳转，以及在不同Page间使用startAbility和startAbilityForResult的方法。详细阐述了Intent参数传递、结果接收和处理的实现过程，展示了具体代码示例。

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AbilitySlice 间跳转

present

当发起的 AbilitySlice 和目标的 AbilitySlice 处于同一个 Page 时，您可以通过 present()方法实现跳转

界面一如图：点击跳转界面二并传递参数，AbilitySlice之前传参也通过Intent，如下代码所示：
在这里插入图片描述

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        initView();

    }

    private void initView() {
        Text text= (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_helloworld);
        text.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
               AbilitySlice abilitySlice= new MainAbility2Slice();
               Intent intent=new Intent();
               intent.setParam("data","我是数据");
               present(abilitySlice,intent);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

界面二，通过Intent接收参数，如下代码所示

public class MainAbility2Slice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main2);
        String data = intent.getStringParam("data");
        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_data);
        text.setText(data);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

presentForResult

如果希望从目标 AbilitySlice 返回时，能够获得其返回结果，则应当使用 presentForResult()实现跳转。 onResult() 来接收和处理返回结果，返回结果由导航目标 AbilitySlice 在其生命周期内通过 setResult()进行设置。

示例：
1.AbilitySlice1界面，点击界面二，使用presentForResult跳转并带参数“我是数据”
2.AbilitySlice2界面，获取“我是数据”，点击返回界面一，调用setResult，传参数“返回参数”
3.AbilitySlice1界面，重写onResult方法，获取返回参数

如图所示：
在这里插入图片描述

package com.example.myapplication.slice;

import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    private Text result;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        initView();

    }

    private void initView() {
        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_helloworld);
        result = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_result);
        text.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                AbilitySlice abilitySlice = new MainAbility2Slice();
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
                presentForResult(abilitySlice, intent, 100);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) {
        super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
        if (requestCode == 100) {
            if (resultIntent == null) {
                return;
            }
            String back_data = resultIntent.getStringParam("back_data");
            result.setText(back_data);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

package com.example.myapplication.slice;

import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.IntentParams;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class MainAbility2Slice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main2);
        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_data);
        Text text_finish = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_finish);

        String data = intent.getStringParam("data");
        text.setText(data);

        text_finish.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("back_data","返回数据");
                setResult(intent1);
                //销毁
                terminate();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

备注：系统为每个 Page 维护了一个 AbilitySlice 实例的栈，每个进入前台的 AbilitySlice 实例均会入栈。当在调用 present()或 presentForResult()时指定的 AbilitySlice 实例已经在栈中存在时，则栈中位于此实例之上的 AbilitySlice 均会出栈并终止其生命周期。

不同 Page 间跳转

不同 Page 中的 AbilitySlice 相互不可见，通过配置 Intent 的 Action 导航到目标 AbilitySlice。Page 间的导航可以使用 startAbility()或 startAbilityForResult()方法，获得返回结果的回调为 onAbilityResult()，。在 Ability 中调用 setResult()可以设置返回结果

startAbility

startAbility有两种方式。

指定withAbilityName和withBundleName，
withAbilityName为目标的Ability，withBundleName为目标Ability的包名。
指定withAction，在config.json中注册skills，为ability命名action，
action的值为withAction。

通过withAbilityName和withBundleName跳转

如代码所示，点击按钮“不同page跳转main2”，跳转MainAbility2，MainAbility2通过intent获取参数“我是数据”并显示。

  //不同page跳转
        text_other_page.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
                
              Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                     .withAbilityName(MainAbility2.class)
                       .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication")
                    .build();
 
                intent.setOperation(operation);
                startAbility(intent);
            }
        });

在这里插入图片描述

通过withAction跳转

与withAbilityName和withBundleName类似，但须先在config文件里注册，如代码所示
actions为action.main.second。withAction="action.main.second"即可跳转到MainAbility2

 {
    "skills": [
      {
        "actions": [
          "action.main.second",
        ]
      }
    ],
    "orientation": "unspecified",
    "name": "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility2",
    "icon": "$media:icon",
    "description": "$string:mainability2_description",
    "label": "$string:entry_MainAbility2",
    "type": "page",
    "launchType": "standard"
  }

  //不同page跳转
        text_other_page.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
//  Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
//   .withAbilityName(MainAbility2.class)
//    .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication")
//      .build();
                Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        .withAction("action.main.second")
                        .build();
                intent.setOperation(operation);
                startAbility(intent);
            }
        });

startAbility 跳转到不同的slice（相当于Android中跳转到不同的fragment）

如果你还是想跳转到MainAbility2，但显示不是同一个slice，可按如下步骤执行：

先定义一个不同的slice-MainAbility3Slice
在config.json里面注册action，这边定义为action.main.three
在MainAbility2里面为MainAbility3Slice添加路由，super.addActionRoute
点击“不同page跳转不同slice”按钮，跳转MainAbility2，withAction指定为"action.main.three"，跳转到MainAbility3Slice界面

代码如下：

package com.example.myapplication.slice;

import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class MainAbility3Slice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main3);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

 {
    "skills": [
      {
        "actions": [
          "action.main.second",
          "action.main.three"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "orientation": "unspecified",
    "name": "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility2",
 ...
  }

package com.example.myapplication;

import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbility2Slice;
import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbility3Slice;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;

public class MainAbility2 extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbility2Slice.class.getName());
        super.addActionRoute("action.main.three", MainAbility3Slice.class.getName());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
        Intent intent1 = new Intent();
        intent1.setParam("back_data","返回数据");
        setResult(0,intent1);
    }
}

//点击跳转到
 text_other_page_slice.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
                Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        .withAction("action.main.three")
                        .build();
                intent.setOperation(operation);
                startAbility(intent);
            }
        });

在这里插入图片描述

startAbilityForResult

回忆上面讲的内容，slice间返参数用presentForResult，重写onResult，
ability间互传参数使用startAbilityForResult，重写方法onAbilityResult方法。在ability2重写onActive，返回参数（对比Android，startActivityForResult,onActivityResult）

ability1跳转到MainAbility2，传参“page 传参数，等待返回”，MainAbility2接收后返回并传参数“返回数据”

代码如下
ability1

 private void startPageAbility() {
	text_other_page_result.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
	        @Override
	        public void onClick(Component component) {
	            Intent intent = new Intent();
	            intent.setParam("data", "page 传参数，等待返回");
	            Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
	                    .withAction("action.main.second")
	                    .build();
	            intent.setOperation(operation);
	            startAbilityForResult(intent, 100);
	        }
	    });
 }
  @Override
    protected void onAbilityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent resultData) {
        super.onAbilityResult(requestCode, resultCode, resultData);
        if (requestCode == 100) {
            if (resultData == null) {
                return;
            }
            String back_data = resultData.getStringParam("back_data");
            result.setText("ability:" + back_data);
        }
    }

MainAbility2

package com.example.myapplication;

import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbility2Slice;
import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbility3Slice;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;

public class MainAbility2 extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbility2Slice.class.getName());
        super.addActionRoute("action.main.three", MainAbility3Slice.class.getName());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
        Intent intent1 = new Intent();
        intent1.setParam("back_data","返回数据");
        setResult(0,intent1);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

完整代码如下：

package com.example.myapplication.slice;

import com.example.myapplication.MainAbility2;
import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Operation;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    private Text result;
    private Text text_other_page;
    private Text text_other_page_result;
    private Text text_other_page_slice;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        initView();
        startPageAbility();
    }

    private void startPageAbility() {
        //不同page跳转
        text_other_page.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
                // 通过withAbilityName()指定要跳转到Ability，但是需要同时使用withBundleName()。
//                Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
//                        .withAbilityName(MainAbility2.class)
//                        .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication")
//                        .build();

                Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        .withAction("action.main.second")
                        .build();
                intent.setOperation(operation);
                startAbility(intent);
            }
        });

        text_other_page_result.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "page 传参数，等待返回");
                Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        .withAction("action.main.second")
                        .build();
                intent.setOperation(operation);
                startAbilityForResult(intent, 100);
            }
        });
        text_other_page_slice.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
                Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                        .withAction("action.main.three")
                        .build();
                intent.setOperation(operation);
                startAbility(intent);
            }
        });
    }

    private void initView() {
        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_helloworld);
        result = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_result);
        text_other_page = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_other_page);
        text_other_page_result = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_other_page_result);
        text_other_page_slice = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_other_page_slice);
        text.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                AbilitySlice abilitySlice = new MainAbility2Slice();
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
                presentForResult(abilitySlice, intent, 100);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onAbilityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent resultData) {
        super.onAbilityResult(requestCode, resultCode, resultData);
        if (requestCode == 100) {
            if (resultData == null) {
                return;
            }
            String back_data = resultData.getStringParam("back_data");
            result.setText("ability:" + back_data);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) {
        super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
        if (requestCode == 100) {
            if (resultIntent == null) {
                return;
            }
            String back_data = resultIntent.getStringParam("back_data");
            result.setText(back_data);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

package com.example.myapplication.slice;

import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.IntentParams;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class MainAbility2Slice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main2);
        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_data);
        Text text_finish = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_finish);

        String data = intent.getStringParam("data");
        text.setText(data);

        text_finish.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                //销毁
                terminate();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

package com.example.myapplication;

import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbility2Slice;
import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbility3Slice;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;

public class MainAbility2 extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setMainRoute(MainAbility2Slice.class.getName());
        super.addActionRoute("action.main.three", MainAbility3Slice.class.getName());
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
        Intent intent1 = new Intent();
        intent1.setParam("back_data","返回数据");
        setResult(0,intent1);
    }
}

package com.example.myapplication.slice;

import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    private Text result;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        initView();

    }

    private void initView() {
        Text text = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_helloworld);
        result = (Text) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_result);
        text.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                AbilitySlice abilitySlice = new MainAbility2Slice();
                Intent intent = new Intent();
                intent.setParam("data", "我是数据");
                presentForResult(abilitySlice, intent, 100);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResult(int requestCode, Intent resultIntent) {
        super.onResult(requestCode, resultIntent);
        if (requestCode == 100) {
            if (resultIntent == null) {
                return;
            }
            String back_data = resultIntent.getStringParam("back_data");
            result.setText(back_data);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

package com.example.myapplication.slice;

import com.example.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class MainAbility3Slice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main3);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

 {
    "skills": [
      {
        "actions": [
          "action.main.second",
          "action.main.three"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "orientation": "unspecified",
    "name": "com.example.myapplication.MainAbility2",
    "icon": "$media:icon",
    "description": "$string:mainability2_description",
    "label": "$string:entry_MainAbility2",
    "type": "page",
    "launchType": "standard"
  }