Spring REST

前面介绍过Spring的MVC结合不同的view显示不同的数据,如:结合json的 view显示json、结合xml的view显示xml文档。那么这些数据除了在WebBrowser中用JavaScript来调用以外,还可以用远程 服务器的Java程序、C#程序来调用。也就是说现在的程序不仅在BS中能调用,在CS中同样也能调用,不过你需要借助RestTemplate这个类来 完成。RestTemplate有点类似于一个WebService客户端请求的模版,可以调用http请求的WebService,并将结果转换成相应 的对象类型。至少你可以这样理解!

 

上一次博文介绍SpringMVC结合不同的View,显示不同的数据。http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/29/2032571.html

 

Email:hoojo_@126.com

Blog:http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo

http://hoojo.cnblogs.com/

 

一、准备工作

1、 下载jar包

spring各版本jar下载地址:http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/library/detail?name=org.springframework.spring

相关的依赖包也可以在这里找到:http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/library

 

2、 需要jar包如下

clip_image002

 

3、 当前工程的web.xml配置

<?
xml
 version
="1.0"
 encoding
="UTF-8"
?>
<
web-app
 version
="2.4"
 
    xmlns
="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
 
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    
    <!-- 配置Spring核心控制器 -->
    <
servlet
>
        <
servlet-name
>
dispatcher</
servlet-name
>
        <
servlet-class
>
org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</
servlet-class
>
        <
init-param
>
            <
param-name
>
contextConfigLocation</
param-name
>
            <
param-value
>
/WEB-INF/dispatcher.xml</
param-value
>
        </
init-param
>
        <
load-on-startup
>
1</
load-on-startup
>
    </
servlet
>
    
    <
servlet-mapping
>
        <
servlet-name
>
dispatcher</
servlet-name
>
        <
url-pattern
>
*.do</
url-pattern
>
    </
servlet-mapping
>
    
    <
welcome-file-list
>
      <
welcome-file
>
index.jsp</
welcome-file
>
    </
welcome-file-list
>
</
web-app
>

4、 WEB-INF中的dispatcher.xml配置

<?
xml
 version
="1.0"
 encoding
="UTF-8"
?>
<
beans
 xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:mvc
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:util
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd">
 
    <
context:component-scan
 base-package
="com.hoo.*"
>
        <!-- 忽略这个类 -->
        <
context:exclude-filter
 type
="assignable"
 expression
="com.hoo.client.RESTClient"
/>
    </
context:component-scan
>
 
    <!-- annotation的方法映射适配器 -->
    <
bean
 id
="handlerAdapter"
 class
="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"
/>
    
    <!-- xml视图,XStreamMarshaller,可以转换任何形式的java对象 -->
    <
bean
 name
="xStreamMarshallingView"
 class
="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView"
>
        <
property
 name
="marshaller"
>
            <
bean
 class
="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"
>
  
                <!--  为了初始化XStreamMarshaller,这个类会把我们接口中得到结果以XML文档形式展现出来 -->
                <
property
 name
="autodetectAnnotations"
 value
="true"
/>
  
            </
bean
>
  
        </
property
>
    </
bean
>
        
    <!-- 视图解析器,根据视图的名称new ModelAndView(name),在配置文件查找对应的bean配置 -->
    <
bean
 class
="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver"
>
        <
property
 name
="order"
 value
="3"
/>
    </
bean
>
 
    <!--  annotation默认的方法映射适配器 -->
    <
bean
 id
="handlerMapping"
 class
="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"
>
        <
property
 name
="order"
 value
="1"
 />
    </
bean
>
    
</
beans
>

5、 启动后,可以看到index.jsp 没有出现异常或错误。那么当前SpringMVC的配置就成功了。

 

二、REST控制器实现

REST控制器主要完成CRUD操作,也就是对于http中的post、get、put、delete。

还有其他的操作,如head、options、trace。

具体代码:

package
 com.hoo.controller;
 
import
 org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import
 org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import
 org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import
 org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import
 org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
 
/**
 * <b>function:</b>SpringMVC REST示例
 * @author hoojo
 * @createDate 2011-6-9 上午11:34:08
 * @file RESTController.java
 * @package com.hoo.controller
 * @project SpringRestWS
 * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
 * @email hoojo_@126.com
 * @version 1.0
 */
@RequestMapping("/restful"
)
@Controller
public
 class
 RESTController {
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/show"
, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public
 ModelAndView show() {
        System.out.println("show"
);
        ModelAndView model = new
 ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView"
);
        model.addObject("show method"
);
        return
 model; 
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/get/{id}"
, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public
 ModelAndView getUserById(@PathVariable String id) {
        System.out.println("getUserById-"
 + id);
        ModelAndView model = new
 ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView"
);
        model.addObject("getUserById method -"
 + id);
        return
 model; 
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/add"
, method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public
 ModelAndView addUser(String user) {
        System.out.println("addUser-"
 + user);
        ModelAndView model = new
 ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView"
);
        model.addObject("addUser method -"
 + user);
        return
 model; 
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/edit"
, method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    public
 ModelAndView editUser(String user) {
        System.out.println("editUser-"
 + user);
        ModelAndView model = new
 ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView"
);
        model.addObject("editUser method -"
 + user);
        return
 model;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value = "/remove/{id}"
, method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    public
 ModelAndView removeUser(@PathVariable String id) {
        System.out.println("removeUser-"
 + id);
        ModelAndView model = new
 ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView"
);
        model.addObject("removeUser method -"
 + id);
        return
 model;
    }
}

上面的方法对应的http操作:

/show -> get 查询
/get/id -> get 查询
/add -> post 添加
/edit -> put 修改
/remove/id -> delete 删除

在这个方法中,就可以看到RESTful风格的url资源标识

@RequestMapping(value = "/get/{id}"
, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public
 ModelAndView getUserById(@PathVariable String id) {
    System.out.println("getUserById-"
 + id);
    ModelAndView model = new
 ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView"
);
    model.addObject("getUserById method -"
 + id);
    return
 model; 
}

value=”/get/{id}”就是url中包含get,并且带有id参数的get请求,就会执行这个方法。这个url在请求的时候,会通过 Annotation的@PathVariable来将url中的id值设置到getUserById的参数中去。 ModelAndView返回的视图是xStreamMarshallingView是一个xml视图,执行当前请求后,会显示一篇xml文档。文档的内 容是添加到model中的值。

 

三、利用RestTemplate调用REST资源

代码如下:

package
 com.hoo.client;
 
import
 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import
 org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import
 org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
/**
 * <b>function:</b>RestTemplate调用REST资源
 * @author hoojo
 * @createDate 2011-6-9 上午11:56:16
 * @file RESTClient.java
 * @package com.hoo.client
 * @project SpringRestWS
 * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
 * @email hoojo_@126.com
 * @version 1.0
 */
@Component
public
 class
 RESTClient {
    
    @Autowired
    private
 RestTemplate template;
    
    private
 final
 static
 String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringRestWS/restful/"
;
    
    public
 String show() {
        return
 template.getForObject(url + "show.do"
, String.class
, new
 String[]{});
    }
    
    public
 String getUserById(String id) {
        return
 template.getForObject(url + "get/{id}.do"
, String.class
, id); 
    }
    
    public
 String addUser(String user) {
        return
 template.postForObject(url + "add.do?user={user}"
, null, String.class
, user);
    }
    
    public
 String editUser(String user) {
        template.put(url + "edit.do?user={user}"
, null, user);
        return
 user;
    }
    
    public
 String removeUser(String id) {
        template.delete(url + "/remove/{id}.do"
, id);
        return
 id;
    }
}

RestTemplate的getForObject完成get请求、postForObject完成post请求、put对应的完成put请求、 delete完成delete请求;还有execute可以执行任何请求的方法,需要你设置RequestMethod来指定当前请求类型。

RestTemplate.getForObject(String url, Class<String> responseType, String... urlVariables)

参数url是http请求的地址,参数Class是请求响应返回后的数据的类型,最后一个参数是请求中需要设置的参数。

template.getForObject(url + "get/{id}.do", String.class, id);

如上面的参数是{id},返回的是一个string类型,设置的参数是id。最后执行该方法会返回一个String类型的结果。

 

下面建立一个测试类,完成对RESTClient的测试。代码如下:

package
 com.hoo.client;
 
import
 org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import
 org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import
 org.springframework.test.context.junit38.AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests;
 
/**
 * <b>function:</b>RESTClient TEST
 * @author hoojo
 * @createDate 2011-6-9 下午03:50:21
 * @file RESTClientTest.java
 * @package com.hoo.client
 * @project SpringRestWS
 * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
 * @email hoojo_@126.com
 * @version 1.0
 */
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext-*.xml"
)
public
 class
 RESTClientTest extends
 AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests {
    
    @Autowired
    private
 RESTClient client;
    
    public
 void
 testShow() {
        System.out.println(client.show());
    }
    
    public
 void
 testGetUserById() {
        System.out.println(client.getUserById("abc"
));
    }
    
    public
 void
 testAddUser() {
        System.out.println(client.addUser("jack"
));
    }
    
    public
 void
 testEditUser() {
        System.out.println(client.editUser("tom"
));
    }
    
    public
 void
 testRemoveUser() {
        System.out.println(client.removeUser("aabb"
));
    }
}

我们需要在src目录下添加applicationContext-beans.xml完成对restTemplate的配置。restTemplate需要配置MessageConvert将返回的xml文档进行转换,解析成JavaObject。

<?
xml
 version
="1.0"
 encoding
="UTF-8"
?>
<
beans
 xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:context
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
    
    <
context:component-scan
 base-package
="com.hoo.*"
/>
    
    <
bean
 id
="restTemplate"
 class
="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate"
>
        <
property
 name
="messageConverters"
>
            <
list
>
                <
bean
 class
="org.springframework.http.converter.xml.MarshallingHttpMessageConverter"
>
                    <
property
 name
="marshaller"
 ref
="xStreamMarshaller"
/>
                    <
property
 name
="unmarshaller"
 ref
="xStreamMarshaller"
/>
                </
bean
>
            </
list
>
        </
property
>
    </
bean
>
    
    <
bean
 id
="xStreamMarshaller"
 class
="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller"
>
        <
property
 name
="annotatedClasses"
>
            <
array
>
                
            </
array
>
        </
property
>
    </
bean
>
</
beans
>

上面配置了xStreamMarshaller是和RESTController中的ModelAndView的view对应的。因为那边是用 xStreamMarshaller进行编组的,所以RestTemplate这边也需要用它来解组。RestTemplate还指出其他的 MarshallingHttpMessageConverter;

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