C++ 体现dynamic_cast和static_cast差别的两个例子

1、dynamic_cast在转换时会进行类型检查，static_cast则仅仅是根据类型之间的关系在编译时确定不同类型的偏移量。

如下的例子可简单说明其差异

class Base;
class Derived;

void DynamicCast(Base *ptrBase);
void StaticCast(Base *ptrBase);

class Base
{
public:
	Base():m_iBase(0){}
	virtual ~Base();

private:
	int m_iBase;
};

Base::~Base()
{
	DynamicCast(this);	//print NULL
	StaticCast(this);	//print not NULL
}

class Derived:public Base
{
public:
	Derived():m_iDerived(1){}
private:
	int m_iDerived;
};


void DynamicCast(Base *ptrBase)
{
	std::cout << "dynamic_cast. Derived ptr:" << dynamic_cast<Derived *>(ptrBase) << std::endl;
}

void StaticCast(Base *ptrBase)
{
	std::cout << "static_cast. Derived ptr:" <<static_cast<Derived *>(ptrBase) << std::endl;
}

int  main()
{
	Base *ptrBase = new Derived();

	delete ptrBase;
	return 0;
}

2、存在虚继承时无法使用static_cast

class Base
{
public:
	Base():m_iBase(0){}
	virtual ~Base(){};

private:
	int m_iBase;
};

class Derived: virtual public Base
{
public:
	Derived():m_iDerived(1){}
private:
	int m_iDerived;
};

int  main()
{
	Base *ptrBase = new Derived();
	Derived *ptrDerived = dynamic_cast<Derived *>(ptrBase);//ok
	Derived *ptrDerived2 = static_cast<Derived *>(ptrBase);// error
	delete ptrBase;
	return 0;
}