- 熟悉PIM-DM的应用场景
- 掌握PIM-DM的配置方法
- 实验拓扑
实验拓扑如图9-28所示:
图9-28:PIM-DM
- 实验步骤
(1)IP地址的配置
MCS1的配置如图9-29所示:
图9-29:配置MCS1的IP地址
R1的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 13.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R2的配置
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 100.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
R3的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface g0/0/3
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]ip address 13.1.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 100.1.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
R4的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 100.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
PC1的配置
配置PC1的IP地址如图9-30所示:
图9-30:配置PC1的IP地址
(2)配置IGP
R1的配置
[R1]ospf router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R2的配置
[R2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 100.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R3的配置
[R3]ospf router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 100.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R4的配置
[R4]ospf router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 100.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
(3)配置PIM
R1的配置
[R1]multicast routing-enable
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R2的配置
[R2]multicast routing-enable
[R2]interface g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
R3的配置
[R3]multicast routing-enable
[R3]interface g0/0/3
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]pim dm
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
R4的配置
[R4]multicast routing-enable
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
(4)开启IGMP
[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp version 2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
(5)设置组播服务器
MCS1的配置如图9-31所示:
图9-31:配置组播服务器
(6)设置组播组成员
PC1的配置如图9-32所示:
图9-32:配置PC1让其加入组239.1.1.1
- 实验调试
(1)在R1上查看PIM的邻居关系
<R1>display pim neighbor
VPN-Instance: public net
Total Number of Neighbors = 2
Neighbor Interface Uptime Expires Dr-Priority BFD-Session
12.1.1.2 GE0/0/1 00:10:18 00:01:27 1 N
13.1.1.3 GE0/0/2 00:09:35 00:01:40 1 N
【技术要点】
- Neighbor:邻居的接口IP地址
- Interface:我的哪个接口和邻居相连
- Uptime:邻居建立的时间
- Expires:失效时间,每隔30s发送一次hello包文,失效时间为105s,
- Dr-Priority:DR的优选级,默认为1。范围是0-4294967295
- BFD-Session:没有双向转发检测会话
(2)查看每一台路由器的组播路由表
查看R1的组播路由表
<R1>display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 entry
00001. (192.168.1.2, 239.1.1.1)
Uptime: 00:00:21
Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0 //上游接口
List of 1 downstream interface
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/2 //下游接口
查看R2的组播路由表
<R2>display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 entry
00001. (192.168.1.2, 239.1.1.1)
Uptime: 00:00:24
Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2 //上游接口
查看R3的组播路由表
<R3>display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 entry
00001. (192.168.1.2, 239.1.1.1)
Uptime: 00:00:29
Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/3 //上游接口
List of 1 downstream interface
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/0 //下游接口
查看R4的组播路由表
<R4>display multicast routing-table
Multicast routing table of VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 entry
00001. (192.168.1.2, 239.1.1.1)
Uptime: 00:00:38
Upstream Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0 //上游接口
List of 1 downstream interface
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/1 //下游接口
通过以上输出可以得到组播流量的走向,其走向如图9-33所示:
图9-33:组播流量走向图
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【技术要点】
R4会收到R2和R3发送过来的组播流量,于是会产生assert机制,选举原则为:
- 单播路由协议优先级较高者获胜。
- 如果优先级相同,则到组播源的开销较小者获胜。
- 如果以上都相同,则下游接口IP地址最大者获胜。
它们都为OSPF路由协议,所以优选级都为10,组播源的开销都为2,R2的g0/0/0接口地址为100.1.1.2,R3的g0/0/0接口为100.1.1.3,所以R3成为了winner
查看R2的组播路由表
[R2]display pim routing-table fsm
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
Abbreviations for FSM states and Timers:
NI - no info, J - joined, NJ - not joined, P - pruned,
NP - not pruned, PP - prune pending, W - winner, L - loser,
F - forwarding, AP - ack pending, DR - designated router,
NDR - non-designated router, RCVR - downstream receivers,
PPT - prunepending timer, GRT - graft retry timer,
OT - override timer, PLT - prune limit timer,
ET - join expiry timer, JT - join timer,
AT - assert timer, PT - prune timer
(192.168.1.2, 239.1.1.1)
Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: ACT
UpTime: 00:01:00
Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
Upstream neighbor: 12.1.1.1
RPF prime neighbor: 12.1.1.1
Join/Prune FSM: [P, PLT Expires: 00:03:04]
Downstream interface(s) information: None
FSM information for non-downstream interfaces:
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
Protocol: pim-dm
DR state: [DR]
Join/Prune FSM: [NI]
Assert FSM: [L, AT Expires: 00:02:34]
Winner: 12.1.1.1, Pref: 0, Metric: 0
2: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Protocol: pim-dm
DR state: [NDR]
Join/Prune FSM: [NI]
Assert FSM: [L, AT Expires: 00:02:34] // 本路由器为loser 定时器180s,还有154s
Winner: 100.1.1.3, Pref: 10, Metric: 2 //winner是100.1.1.3 它的优选级为10,开销为2
(3)在R1的g0/0/1口抓包分析
第一个包hello包,其包文格式如图9-34所示:
图9-34:hello的包文格式
【技术要点】
- Hello包发往组播地址224.0.0.13
- 组播的版本为2
- 包的类型为hello
- 失效时间为105s,hello的间隔时间为30s
- DR的优选级为1
- 状态刷新时间为60s
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(3)开启组播源,然后在在PC1上点击加入再离开,在R4的g0/0/0抓包
第二个包join/prune包,其报文格式如图9-35所示:
图9-35:join/prune包的包文格式
第三个包graft包,其报文格式如图9-36所示:
图9-36:graft包的包文格式
第四个包graft-ack包,其包文格式如图9-37所示:
图9-37:graft-ack包的包文格式
第五个包assert包,其包文格式如图9-38所示:
图9-38:assert包的包文格式
第六个包stata-refresh包,其包文格式如图9-39所示:
图9-39:stata-refresh包的包文格式