- 实验目的
- 熟悉PIM-SM的应用场景
- 掌握PIM-SM的配置方法
- 实验拓扑
实验拓扑如图9-40所示:
图9-40:PIM-SM
- 实验步骤
(1)配置IP地址
MCS1的配置
MCS1的配置如图9-41所示:
图9-41:配置MCS1的IP地址
R1的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.2.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 13.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R2的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.2.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
R3的配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 13.1.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 34.1.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R4的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.2.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 34.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 45.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/3
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]ip address 46.1.1.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
R5的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]interface g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.2.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]interface g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 45.1.1.5 24
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R6的配置
<Huawei>system-view
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]undo info-center enable
Info: Information center is disabled.
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]sysname R6
[R6]interface g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 46.1.1.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R6]interface g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.2.6 24
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
PC1的配置
PC1的配置如图9-42所示:
图9-42:配置PC1的IP地址
PC2的配置
PC2的配置如图9-43所示:
图9-43:配置PC2的IP地址
(2)配置IGP
[R1]ospf router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R2的配置
[R2]ospf router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R3的配置
[R3]ospf router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R4的配置
[R4]ospf router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 46.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R5的配置
[R5]ospf router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 45.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
R6的配置
[R6]ospf router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 46.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit
(3)运行PIM SM
R1的配置
[R1]multicast routing-enable
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim sm
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim sm
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R1]interface g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim sm
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R2的配置
[R2]multicast routing-enable
[R2]interface g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim sm
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R2]interface g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim sm
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
R3的配置
[R3]multicast routing-enable
[R3]interface g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim sm
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R3]interface g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim sm
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R3]interface g0/0/21
[R3]interface g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim sm
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R4的配置
[R4]multicast routing-enable
[R4]interface g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim sm
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim sm
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim sm
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
[R4]interface g0/0/3
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]pim sm
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
R5的配置
[R5]multicast routing-enable
[R5]interface g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim sm
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R5]interface g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim sm
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R6的配置
[R6]multicast routing-enable
[R6]interface g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim sm
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R6]interface g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim sm
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
(4)静态RP的设置
在R4上创建一个环回口0,IP地址为4.4.4.4,作为静态RP地址
R4的配置
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32 //环回口比较稳定
[R4-LoopBack0]ospf enable area 0 //一定要宣告进OSPF
[R4-LoopBack0]quit
[R4]pim
[R4-pim]static-rp 4.4.4.4
[R4-pim]quit
R1的配置
[R1]pim
[R1-pim]static-rp 4.4.4.4
[R1-pim]quit
R2的配置
[R2]pim
[R2-pim]static-rp 4.4.4.4
[R2-pim]quit
R3的配置
[R3]pim
[R3-pim]static-rp 4.4.4.4
[R3-pim]quit
R5的配置
[R5]pim
[R5-pim]static-rp 4.4.4.4
[R5-pim]quit
R6的配置
[R6]pim
[R6-pim]static-rp 4.4.4.4
[R6-pim]quit
(5)设置组播服务器
MCS1的配置如图9-44所示:
图9-44:组播源的配置
(6)运行IGMP
R3的配置
[R3]interface g0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]igmp enable
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]igmp version 2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
R5的配置
[R5]interface g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]igmp enable
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]igmp version 2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
R6的配置
[R6]interface g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp version 2
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
(7)让PC1加入组224.1.1.1
PC1的配置如图9-45所示:
图9-45:配置PC1让其加入组224.1.1.1
- 实验调试
(1)观察RPT的形成
- 当R3收到IGMP加入组224.1.1.1的请求后,R3生成(* 224.1.1.1)条目,确认上游和下游接口,然后向开始向RP建RPT
[R3]display pim routing-table
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 (*, G) entry; 0 (S, G) entry
(*, 224.1.1.1) //生成(* G)
RP: 4.4.4.4
Protocol: pim-sm, Flag: WC
UpTime: 00:00:45
Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/1 //上游接口
Upstream neighbor: 34.1.1.4
RPF prime neighbor: 34.1.1.4
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/2 //下游接口
Protocol: igmp, UpTime: 00:00:45, Expires: -
- R4收到(* 224.1.1.1)join报文后,创建(* 224.1.1.1)条目
<R4>display pim routing-table
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 (*, G) entry; 0 (S, G) entry
(*, 224.1.1.1) //形成(* G )
RP: 4.4.4.4 (local)
Protocol: pim-sm, Flag: WC
UpTime: 00:12:56
Upstream interface: Register //上游接口
Upstream neighbor: NULL
RPF prime neighbor: NULL
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1 //下游接口
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Protocol: pim-sm, UpTime: 00:12:56, Expires: 00:02:34
【技术要点】
Join转发的路径及在每台路由器上生成的组播转发表构成RPT树,只要接收者存在,R3会每隔60s向上游发送join,收到join的接口重置接口计时器,超时时间为210s。超时后些接口会从下游接口列表中移除。其流程图如图9-46所示:
图9-46:Join转发的路径
(2)把R1的g0/0/0的优选级改成100,让组播流量去访问RP走MCS1-R1-R4
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- 查看R1的PIM接口信息
<R1>display pim interface g0/0/0
VPN-Instance: public net
Interface State NbrCnt HelloInt DR-Pri DR-Address
GE0/0/0 up 1 30 1 10.1.1.2
通过以上输出可以看到DR-address是10.1.1.2
- 把R1的g0/0/0的接口DR的优选级改成100
[R1]interface g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim hello-option dr-priority 100
- 再次查看R1的PIM接口信息
[R1]display pim interface g0/0/0
VPN-Instance: public net
Interface State NbrCnt HelloInt DR-Pri DR-Address
GE0/0/0 up 1 30 100 10.1.1.1 (local)
通过以上输出可以看到变成了10.1.1.1
【技术要点】
PIM DR的选举原则
- 优选级越大越优,默认为1
- 优选级相同,接口IP地址越大越优
(3)观察SPT的形成
- 打开MCS1的组播流量,在R1的g0/0/0口抓包
在MCS1运行组播,其配置如图9-47所示:
图9-47:在MCS1上运行组播
- 组播第一跳路由R1收到组播报文后,把它封装成单播报文向RP注册,单播报文如图9-48所示:
图9-48:单播注册报文的格式
- RP收到单播注册报文后,将其解封装,建立(S,G)表项,并将组播数据沿RPT发送到达组成员。
<R4>display pim routing-table
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
(*, 224.1.1.1)
RP: 4.4.4.4 (local)
Protocol: pim-sm, Flag: WC
UpTime: 00:26:34
Upstream interface: Register
Upstream neighbor: NULL
RPF prime neighbor: NULL
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Protocol: pim-sm, UpTime: 00:26:34, Expires: 00:02:56
(10.1.1.100, 224.1.1.1) //形成(S G )
RP: 4.4.4.4 (local)
Protocol: pim-sm, Flag: 2MSDP SWT ACT
UpTime: 00:07:00
Upstream interface: Register
Upstream neighbor: NULL
RPF prime neighbor: NULL
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/1
Protocol: pim-sm, UpTime: 00:02:10, Expires: -
- RP向组播源发送(S G)join报文,报文到达R1,R1添加下游接口,它向RP同时发送组播报文和单播注册报文。
<R1>display pim routing-table
VPN-Instance: public net
Total 0 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry
(10.1.1.100, 224.1.1.1)
RP: 4.4.4.4
Protocol: pim-sm, Flag: SPT LOC ACT
UpTime: 00:05:30
Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Upstream neighbor: NULL
RPF prime neighbor: NULL
Downstream interface(s) information:
Total number of downstreams: 1
1: GigabitEthernet0/0/2
Protocol: pim-sm, UpTime: 00:05:28, Expires: 00:02:54
- RP收到单播注册报文和组播报文后,就发送register-stop,其报文格式如图9-49所示:
图9-49:register-stop包文格式
- 单播注册和单播注册停止如图9-50所示:
图9-50:单播注册和单播注册停
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(4)由RPT切换到STP,其流程图如图9-51所示:
图9-51:由RPT切换到STP