缺省路由实验

5.3.2缺省路由实验

1. 实验目的

① 默认路由的使用场合；

② 默认路由的配置

1. 实验拓扑

实验拓扑如图5-11所示

                                        图5-11缺省路由

1. 实验步骤

1. 配置网络连通性

R1的配置

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

R2的配置

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 12.1.1.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]interface g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 23.1.1.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]interface g0/0/2

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 24.1.1.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo shutdown

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

R3的配置

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 23.1.1.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

R4的配置

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]undo info-center enable

[Huawei]sysname R4

[R4]interface g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 24.1.1.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

1. 配置静态路由

 R1的配置

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.1.1.2  //配置缺省路由到任何网段下一跳为12.1.1.2

   【技术要点】

     在本实验中，如果我们使用静态路由，那么我们要配置两条静态路由，具体配置如下：

[R1]ip route-static 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 24.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2

   读者想一想，如果有1000条路由，我们的配置是不是特别复杂，所以针对于下一跳相同的多条静态路由读者可以使用缺省路由来简化配置。

 R3的配置

[R3]ip route-static 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2

         R4的配置

[R4]ip route-static 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 24.1.1.2

1. 实验调试

               查看R1的路由表

[R1]display ip routing-table

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Routing Tables: Public

         Destinations : 5        Routes : 5       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   Static  60   0          RD   12.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet0/0/0

       12.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   12.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet0/0/0

       12.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet0/0/0

      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0

   通过查看R1的路由表，读者可以看到一条缺省路由，虽然简化了配置，读者测试一下网络连通性。

   R1访问R3

[R1]ping 23.1.1.3

  PING 23.1.1.3: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=100 ms

    Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=60 ms

    Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=50 ms

    Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=70 ms

    Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=80 ms

  --- 23.1.1.3 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 50/72/100 ms

   R1访问R4

[R1]ping 24.1.1.4

  PING 24.1.1.4: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

    Reply from 24.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=60 ms

    Reply from 24.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=90 ms

    Reply from 24.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=60 ms

    Reply from 24.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=80 ms

    Reply from 24.1.1.4: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=80 ms

  --- 24.1.1.4 ping statistics ---

    5 packet(s) transmitted

    5 packet(s) received

    0.00% packet loss

    round-trip min/avg/max = 60/74/90 ms

   通过测试读者可以看到，缺省路由虽然简化了配置，但是不影响访问，所以读者以后在遇到类似的拓扑可以考虑使用缺省路由。

本文出自作者的《HCIA Datacom学习指南》
https://item.jd.com/14032255.html