rhcsa

help：

1.help：内部命令：查看内部命令的帮助

[root@localhost ~]$help cd

cd: cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]

    Change the shell working directory.

   

    Change the current directory to DIR.  The default DIR is the value of the

    HOME shell variable.

   

    The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing

    DIR.  Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).

    A null directory name is the same as the current directory.  If DIR begins

    with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.

   

    If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,

    the word is assumed to be  a variable name.  If that variable has a value,

    its value is used for DIR.

   

    Options:

      -L        force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic

                    links in DIR after processing instances of `..'

      -P        use the physical directory structure without following

                    symbolic links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before

                    processing instances of `..'

      -e        if the -P option is supplied, and the current working

                    directory cannot be determined successfully, exit with

                    a non-zero status

      -@        on systems that support it, present a file with extended

                    attributes as a directory containing the file attributes

   

    The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.

    `..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component

    back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.

   

    Exit Status:

    Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when

    -P is used; non-zero otherwise.

2.外部命令：--help：查看外部命令的帮助

[root@localhost ~]$wget --help

修改密码

可通过passwd更改或设置用户的密码

管理员：可指定用户名，更改任意用户的密码

普通用户：不能指定用户名，默认的只能更改自己的密码，且更改密码得符合密码字典的要求

格式：

1.passwd

2.passwd  用户

（普通用户不可以更改管理员的密码）

3.passwd -d redhat 密码移除（普通用户无法进行此操作）

root@localhost ~]# passwd --help

Usage: passwd [OPTION...] <accountName>

  -k, --keep-tokens       keep non-expired authentication tokens

  -d, --delete            delete the password for the named account (root

                          only); also removes password lock if any

  -l, --lock              lock the password for the named account (root only)

  -u, --unlock            unlock the password for the named account (root only)

  -e, --expire            expire the password for the named account (root only)

  -f, --force             force operation

  -x, --maximum=DAYS      maximum password lifetime (root only)

  -n, --minimum=DAYS      minimum password lifetime (root only)

  -w, --warning=DAYS      number of days warning users receives before

                          password expiration (root only)

  -i, --inactive=DAYS     number of days after password expiration when an

                          account becomes disabled (root only)

  -S, --status            report password status on the named account (root

                          only)

      --stdin             read new tokens from stdin (root only)

Help options:

  -?, --help              Show this help message

      --usage             Display brief usage message

Cd 修改目录

绝对路径：一切从根开始查找   /home /redhat

相对路径：相对于当前所在的路径开始查找   cd redhat

Cd +目录路径

Pwd 查看路径

Cd .. 返回上一级目录

Cd - 上一次切换的路径

Cd ~ 当前目录的家目录

Cd . 当前目录

linux思想：一切皆文件

Is list

命令  选项  参数

ls -l 长格式显示文件的基础属性

ls -a 显示目录下所有文件包括隐藏文件

ls -al 显示上一级目录的信息

ll -h以人类可读的方式显示文件的大小

ll -d显示指定的目录的属性

ll -i显示文件唯一的编号

文件属性

第一个字符标记文件类型   7文件类型  I软链接文件（快捷方式）

-普通的文本文件（.txt） d 目录文件（文件夹）

b 块设备文件   c 字符设备文件  p 管道文件

s socket套接字文件

暴力破解root密码
重启系统（第一行为红帽的内核版本，第二行为救援模式）

在quite后面输入rd.break

 按ctl+x

 这里的sysroot是以只读的形式挂载的，所以要改为可读可写的方式来挂载

 修改密码（进入/sysroot子系统来修改密码）

创建一个文件，并退出

再次输入exit退出，等待百分比