Java之Reflection

反射（Reflection）是Java被视为动态（或准动态）语言的一个关键性质。Reflection允许程序在运行时，通过各个反射API，来获得任何一个已知名称的class的各种信息，包括：

1、修饰符modifier。包括public、protected、private、static等等。

2、继承的父类superclass。

3、实现的接口interface。

4、类定义的内部变量field。包括变量的类型、名称、访问级别。

5、类定义的所有方法method。包括方法的名称、参数、返回值、访问级别、抛出的异常。

6、改变变量或方法的访问级别。可通过这种方法来访问类的私有变量，或调用类的私有方法。

7、类所有的构造函数。通过构造方法来实例化一个类对象。

Java中所有的反射活动都是通过Class类来实现的。Class类在Java中是一个非常特殊的类。与其他类一样，Class类也继承自Object，其实体用来表达Java运行时所有的类和接口，也可以表示枚举（enum）、数组（array）、基本类型（int、long、short等等）、void关键字。当一个类被加载时，JVM便生成一个Class类对象。Java中获得Class类的获得途径有如下几种：

1、通过getClass()获得。每个类对象都有一个getClass()方法。

String str = "name";
Class<?> cls = str.getClass();

2、通过Class.forName()获得。

Class<?> userClass = null;
try {
    userClass = Class.forName("com.example.reflection.User");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

3、使用.class语法。每一个Class类型都可以使用.class语法

Class c1 = String.class;
Class c2 = User.class;
Class c3 = int.class;
Class c4 = int[].class;

4、使用基本类型的wraper类型获得。即Byte、Boolean、Integer等等。

Class c1 = Boolean.TYPE;
Class c2 = Byte.TYPE;
Class c3 = Character.TYPE;
Class c4 = Short.TYPE;
Class c5 = Integer.TYPE;
Class c6 = Long.TYPE;
Class c7 = Float.TYPE;
Class c8 = Double.TYPE;
Class c9 = Void.TYPE;

反射过程代码：

User类

package com.example.reflection;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * User name
     */
    private String name;

    /**
     * User age
     */
    private int age;
    
    public User() {
        
    }
    
    public User(final String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public User(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public User(final String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    private int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    private void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Name: " + name + " Age: " + age;
    }
}

一、获得User类的所有变量。

Class<?> user = null;
try {
	user = Class.forName("com.example.reflection.User");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}

System.out.println("=================all the field, public/protected/private====================");
Field[] fieldAll = user.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fieldAll.length; i++) {
	System.out.println(Modifier.toString(fieldAll[i].getModifiers()) + " " + fieldAll[i].getType().getName() + " " + fieldAll[i].getName() + ";");
}

System.out.println("============the accessible field, including fields in super class/interface=======");
Field[] fieldAccessible = user.getFields();
for (int i = 0; i < fieldAccessible.length; i++) {
	System.out.println(Modifier.toString(fieldAccessible[i].getModifiers()) + " " + fieldAccessible[i].getType().getName() + " " + fieldAccessible[i].getName() + ";");
}

二、获得User类的所有方法。

Class<?> user = null;
try {
	user = Class.forName(className);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}

System.out.println("========all the methods=======");
Method[] methods = user.getDeclaredMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
	Method method = methods[i];
	System.out.print(Modifier.toString(method.getModifiers()) + " ");
	System.out.print(method.getReturnType().getName() + " ");
	System.out.print(method.getName() + "(");
	Class<?>[] params = method.getParameterTypes();
	for (int j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
		Class<?> param = params[j];
		System.out.print(param.getName() + " arg" + j);
		if (j < params.length - 1) {
			System.out.print(",");
		}
	}

	System.out.print(")");

	Class<?>[] exceptions = method.getExceptionTypes();
	if (exceptions.length > 0) {
		System.out.print(" throws ");
		for (int k = 0; k < exceptions.length; k++) {
			Class<?> exception = exceptions[k];
			System.out.print(exception.getName() + " ");
			if (k < exceptions.length) {
				System.out.print(",");
			}
		}
	}

	System.out.println(";");
}

三、获得User类所实现的接口。

Class<?> user = null;
try {
	user = Class.forName(className);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}

System.out.println("========all the interfaces=======");
Class<?> [] interfaces = user.getInterfaces();
for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
	Class<?> class1 = interfaces[i];
	System.out.println(class1.getName());
}

四、获得User类的所有构造方法。

Class<?> userClass = null;
try {
	userClass = Class.forName("com.example.reflection.User");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}

User user1 = null, user2 = null, user3 = null, user4 = null;
try {
	Constructor<?> constructor1 = userClass.getConstructor();
	Constructor<?> constructor2 = userClass.getConstructor(String.class);
	Constructor<?> constructor3 = userClass.getConstructor(new Class<?>[] { int.class});
	Constructor<?> constructor4 = userClass.getConstructor(new Class<?>[] {	String.class, int.class	});
	user1 = (User)constructor1.newInstance();
	user2 = (User)constructor2.newInstance("xuegang");
	user3 = (User)constructor3.newInstance(27);
	user4 = (User)constructor4.newInstance("xuegang", 27);
	System.out.println(user1);
	System.out.println(user2);
	System.out.println(user3);
	System.out.println(user4);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}

五、修改变量的modifier。

Class<?> userClass = null;
try {
	userClass = Class.forName("com.example.reflection.User");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}
User userInstance = null;
try {
	userInstance = (User)userClass.newInstance();
	Field field = userClass.getDeclaredField("name");
	field.setAccessible(true);
	field.set(userInstance, "lengxuegang");
	field = userClass.getDeclaredField("age");
	field.setAccessible(true);
	field.set(userInstance, 27);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}

System.out.println(userInstance);

六、调用User类的方法。

Class<?> userClass = null;
try {
	userClass = Class.forName("com.example.reflection.User");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}
User userInstance = null;
try {
	userInstance = (User)userClass.newInstance();
	Method setName = userClass.getMethod("setName", new Class<?>[] {String.class});
	setName.invoke(userInstance, "lengxuegang");
	Method setAge = userClass.getDeclaredMethod("setAge", new Class<?>[] {int.class});
	setAge.setAccessible(true);
	setAge.invoke(userInstance, 27);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(userInstance);

代码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/lxgwm2008/5025076

参考文章：http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/archive/2011/09/02/2163758.html

        http://tech.it168.com/j/2007-10-21/200710211609265.shtml