Python笔记01：Counter计数

看Counter之前先复习一下字典的操作：

# 定义字典
dict1={'a':1}
# 新增键值对
dict1['b']=2
# 修改值
dict1['a']=3

 输出：

{'a': 1}

{'a': 1, 'b': 2}

{'a': 3, 'b': 2}

计数器生成的结果跟字典是一个道理。

from collections import Counter

Counter的定义

# 定义空计数器
count1=Counter()
# 用已有的列表定义计数器
count2=Counter(['a','b','b','a','c'])

 输出：

Counter()

Counter({'a': 2, 'b': 2, 'c': 1})

Counter的更新

# 用update更新
count2.update(a=+1)
# 用索引更新
count2['b']=5

输出：

Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 2, 'c': 1})

Counter({'a': 3, 'b': 5, 'c': 1})

这个update方法我还并没有很懂，先这么记。

找出现次数最多的元素

count2.most_common()
count2.most_common(2)

输出：

不给参数时，按数量从大到小输出所有元素，是一个列表。

[('b', 5), ('a', 1), ('c', 1)]

给参数时，只输出指定数目的元素。

[('b', 5), ('a', 1)]

Demo1

from collections import Counter

counts = Counter("""
  MSFT GOOG AAPL AAPL MSFT C GOOG F 
  TEAM AAPL GOOG AAPL AAPL IBM NVDA
  """.split())

# 改变数量
counts.update(MSFT=+2, AAPL=-3)

print('After changes:')

for symbol, freq in counts.most_common(3):
    print(f'  {symbol}: {freq} trade(s)')

输出：

After changes:
  MSFT: 4 trade(s)
  GOOG: 3 trade(s)
  AAPL: 2 trade(s)

Demo2

先读入一个csv文件如下所示：

GOOG,100,900.10
MSFT,50,68.99
AAPL,100,152.92
IBM,5,151.95
GOOG,150,901.25
AAPL,50,152.25
TEAM,100,36.91
NVDA,75,117.88
INTC,200,36.24
IBM,10,151.91
AAPL,700,152.15
GOOG,100,900.99
GOOG,50,900.12

from collections import Counter

def analyse(filename):
    trades = Counter()
    volumes = Counter()
    totals = Counter()
    with open(filename) as src:
        for line in src:
            inst, vol, price = line.split(',')
            vol = int(vol)
            price = float(price)
            
            # 创建或更新Counter元素的值
            trades[inst] += 1
            volumes[inst] += vol
            totals[inst] += vol*price

    print('Top 5 trades by number of trades:')
    for inst, freq in trades.most_common(5):
        print(f'{inst}: {freq} trade(s) total of {volumes[inst]} shares, ${totals[inst]:,.2f}')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    analyse('example.csv')

 输出：

Top 5 trades by number of trades:
GOOG: 4 trade(s) total of 400 shares, $360,302.50
AAPL: 3 trade(s) total of 850 shares, $129,409.50
IBM: 2 trade(s) total of 15 shares, $2,278.85
MSFT: 1 trade(s) total of 50 shares, $3,449.50
TEAM: 1 trade(s) total of 100 shares, $3,691.00