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import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


def PCA(X, k):
    n, m = X.shape
    # 中心化
    X_mean = np.mean(X, axis=0)
    X_centered = X - X_mean
    # 计算协方差矩阵
    S = np.dot(X_centered, X_centered.T)
    # 计算S的特征值和特征向量
    eigVals, eigVectors = np.linalg.eig(S)

    # 按照特征值从大到小排序，取前k个
    index = np.argsort(-eigVals)
    index = index[:k]
    savedVectors = eigVectors[:, index]
    savedVals = eigVals[index]

    # 降维后的数据
    Z = savedVectors.T.dot(X_centered)

    # 重建后的数据
    X_rebulid =savedVectors.dot(Z) + X_mean
    return Z, X_rebulid

if __name__ == '__main__':
   img = cv2.imread('dog.jpg', flags=cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

   plt.figure()
   for i, k in enumerate([5, 25, 50, 100, 200]):
       plt.subplot(1, 5, i+1)
       plt.axis('off')
       plt.title('k={}'.format(k))
       img_lowd, img_rebulid = PCA(img, k)
       plt.imshow(img_rebulid, cmap='gray')
   plt.show()