013--C++运算符重载（+,-,*,前后++，＞＞,＜＜）（最优）

简介：（注意前后++的写法，以及输入输出重载的写法，关键在于什么时候用&引用以及什么时候const.由于目前不知道该怎样解释，就暂且落下，自己去多多琢磨。）

运算符重载：在类或结构中，对运算符进行重新的定义，让这个运算符能适应这个类型的操作。

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代码学习：（写了更多注释，方便理解）

//运算符重载
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class MyPoint{
	int x;
	int y;
public:
	MyPoint(){};
	MyPoint(int x,int y){
		this->x = x;
		this->y = y;
	};
	~MyPoint(){};
   //实现两个点的矢量相加
	MyPoint operator+(const MyPoint& srcPoint){//运算符重载实现两个坐标相加 
		MyPoint temp;
		temp.x = this->x + srcPoint.x;
		temp.y = this->y + srcPoint.y;
		return temp;
	}
	MyPoint operator-(const MyPoint& srcPoint){//运算符重载实现两个坐标相加 
		MyPoint temp;
		temp.x = this->x - srcPoint.x;
		temp.y = this->y - srcPoint.y;
		return temp;
	}//运算符重载一般this 算一个参数，所以可以少写一个参数，如果非要多
	//写这个参数，就用友元，不属于类
	//对于双目运算符来说，因为类中的函数自带this指针，所以只需要一个参数。如果只想
	//两个参数的话，那么可以在函数前加上friend.
	friend MyPoint operator*(const MyPoint& p1, const MyPoint& p2);
	MyPoint& operator++(){//前加加
		this->x++;
		this->y++;
		return *this;//this 是指针，*(this)解引用就是一个对象
	}
	MyPoint operator++(int){//后加加
		MyPoint temp = *this;
		this->x++;
		this->y++;
		return temp;
	}
	friend istream& operator>>(istream& is,MyPoint& src){
		is >> src.x;//输入流重载
		is >> src.y;
		return is;
	}
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const MyPoint& src){
		os << "(" << src.x << "," << src.y << ")" << endl;
		return os;//输出流重载
	}
	void getPoint(){
		cout << "(" << x << "," << y << ")" << endl;
	}
};
MyPoint operator*(const MyPoint& p1, const MyPoint& p2){
	MyPoint temp;
	temp.x = (p1.x)*(p2.x);
	temp.y = (p1.y)*(p2.y);
	return temp;
}
int main(){
	cout << "运算符重载测试:初始坐标m1(1,2),m2(2,3):" << endl;
	MyPoint m1(1,2);
	MyPoint m2(2,3);
	cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "运算符重载相加：" << endl;
	MyPoint m=m1 + m2;//隐式调用运算符重载+
	m.getPoint();
	cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "运算符重载相减：" << endl;
	MyPoint m3;
	m3 = m1.operator-(m2);//显示调用运算符重载-
	m3.getPoint();
	cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "运算符重载相乘：" << endl;
	MyPoint m4 = m1*m2;
	m4.getPoint();
	cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "运算符重载前++：" << endl;
	cout << (++m2) << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "运算符重载后++：" << endl;
	cout <<(m2++)<< endl;
	cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "运算符重载输入：" << endl;
	MyPoint m7;
	cin >> m7;
	cout << "运算符重载输出：" << endl;
	cout << m7 << endl;
	cout << "----------------------------" << endl;
	return 0;

}

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