Http同步/异步模式
同步异步：
某业务需要甲乙甚至多方合作的时候，
1. 总是按照“甲方请求一次，乙方应答一次”这样的有序序列处理业务，只有当“一次请求一次应答”的过程结束才可以发生下一次的“一次请求一次应答”，那么就说他们采用的是同步。（同步IO中，对同一个描述符的操作必须是有序的）
2. 如果甲方只要有需要，就会发送请求，不管上次请求有没有得到乙方应答。而乙方只要甲方有请求就会接受，不是等这次请求处理完毕再接受甲方新请求。这样请求应答分开的序列，就可以认为是异步。异步情况下，请求和应答不需要一致进行，可能甲方后请求的业务，却先得到乙方的应答。同步是线性的，而异步可以认为是并发的。（异步IO中，异步IO可以允许多方同时对同一个描述符发送IO请求，或者一次发多个请求，当然有机制保证如何区分这些请求，）
3. 同步异步的不同在于，针对同一个描述符上的IO操作，从IO操作发起 到 得到 IO结果 这个过程而言，总是按照“发起请求，得到结果”这个有序序列进行的，这样便有了最小的等待这种情况：读取时，确知IO有数据，但需要等待内核拷贝数据到进程空间。这个最小情况的等待，同步IO都有。
异步四元组：
struct async_context *http_async_client_init(void);
int http_async_client_uninit(struct async_context *ctx);
int http_async_client_commit(struct async_context *ctx, const char *hostname, const char *resource, async_result_cb cb) ;
static void *http_async_client_callback(void *arg);
初始化：
http_async_client_init(){
epoll_create();
pthread_create();
}
每一次http请求数据：
http_async_client_commit(){
socket()
connect
send();
epoll_ctl();
}
异步方式回调函数接受信息：
http_async_client_callback(){
while(1){
epoll_wait();
recv();
//do……
epoll_ctrl();
}
}demo:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h> /* close */
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#define HTTP_VERSION "HTTP/1.1"
#define USER_AGENT "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv:10.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/10.0.2\r\n"
#define ENCODE_TYPE "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8\r\n"
#define CONNECTION_TYPE "Connection: close\r\n"
#define BUFFER_SIZE 4096
char *host_to_ip(const char *hostname) {
struct hostent *host_entry = gethostbyname(hostname);
if (host_entry) {
return inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr*)*host_entry->h_addr_list);
} else {
return NULL;
}
}
int http_create_socket( char *ip) {
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
struct sockaddr_in sin = {0};
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
sin.sin_port = htons(80);
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (-1 == connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))) {
return -1;
}
fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
return sockfd;
}
char *http_send_request(int sockfd, const char *hostname, const char *resource) {
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
int len = sprintf(buffer,
"GET %s %s\r\n\
Host: %s\r\n\
%s\r\n\
\r\n",
resource, HTTP_VERSION,
hostname,
CONNECTION_TYPE
);
send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
struct timeval tv;
tv.tv_sec = 5;
tv.tv_usec = 0;
fd_set fdread;
FD_ZERO(&fdread);
FD_SET(sockfd, &fdread);
char *result = malloc(sizeof(int));
result[0] = '\0';
while (1) {
int selection = select(sockfd+1, &fdread, NULL, NULL, &tv);
if (!selection || !(FD_ISSET(sockfd, &fdread))) {
break;
} else {
len = recv(sockfd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
if (len == 0) break;
result = realloc(result, (strlen(result) + len + 1) * sizeof(char));
strncat(result, buffer, len);
}
}
return result;
}
//同步阻塞方式
int http_client_commit(const char *hostname, const char *resource) {
char *ip = host_to_ip(hostname);
int sockfd = http_create_socket(ip);
char *content = http_send_request(sockfd, hostname, resource);
if (content == NULL) {
printf("have no data\n");
}
puts(content);
close(sockfd);
free(content);
}
#define ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM 1024
#define HOSTNAME_LENGTH 128
typedef void (*async_result_cb)(const char *hostname, const char *result);
struct ep_arg {
int sockfd;
char hostname[HOSTNAME_LENGTH];
async_result_cb cb;
};
struct async_context {
int epfd;
pthread_t thread_id;
};
struct http_request {
char *hostname;
char *resource;
};
int http_async_client_commit(struct async_context *ctx, const char *hostname, const char *resource, async_result_cb cb) {
char *ip = host_to_ip(hostname);
if (ip == NULL) return -1;
int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
struct sockaddr_in sin = {0};
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
sin.sin_port = htons(80);
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
if (-1 == connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&sin, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in))) {
return -1;
}
fcntl(sockfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
int len = sprintf(buffer,
"GET %s %s\r\n\
Host: %s\r\n\
%s\r\n\
\r\n",
resource, HTTP_VERSION,
hostname,
CONNECTION_TYPE
);
int slen = send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
struct ep_arg *eparg = (struct ep_arg*)calloc(1, sizeof(struct ep_arg));
if (eparg == NULL) return -1;
eparg->sockfd = sockfd;
eparg->cb = cb;
struct epoll_event ev;
ev.data.ptr = eparg;
ev.events = EPOLLIN;
int ret = epoll_ctl(ctx->epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev);
return ret;
}
static void *http_async_client_callback(void *arg) {
struct async_context *ctx = (struct async_context*)arg;
int epfd = ctx->epfd;
while (1) {
struct epoll_event events[ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM] = {0};
int nready = epoll_wait(epfd, events, ASYNC_CLIENT_NUM, -1);
if (nready < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) {
continue;
} else {
break;
}
} else if (nready == 0) {
continue;
}
printf("nready:%d\n", nready);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0;i < nready;i ++) {
struct ep_arg *data = (struct ep_arg*)events[i].data.ptr;
int sockfd = data->sockfd;
char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
struct sockaddr_in addr;
size_t addr_len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
int n = recv(sockfd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
data->cb(data->hostname, buffer); //call cb
int ret = epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, sockfd, NULL);
//printf("epoll_ctl DEL --> sockfd:%d\n", sockfd);
close(sockfd); /
free(data);
}
}
}
struct async_context *http_async_client_init(void) {
int epfd = epoll_create(1); //
if (epfd < 0) return NULL;
struct async_context *ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct async_context));
if (ctx == NULL) {
close(epfd);
return NULL;
}
ctx->epfd = epfd;
int ret = pthread_create(&ctx->thread_id, NULL, http_async_client_callback, ctx);
if (ret) {
perror("pthread_create");
return NULL;
}
usleep(1);
return ctx;
}
int http_async_client_uninit(struct async_context *ctx) {
close(ctx->epfd);
pthread_cancel(ctx->thread_id);
}
struct http_request reqs[] = {
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=beijing&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=changsha&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=shenzhen&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=shanghai&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=tianjin&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=wuhan&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=hefei&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=hangzhou&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=nanjing&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=jinan&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=taiyuan&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=wuxi&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
{"api.seniverse.com", "/v3/weather/now.json?key=0pyd8z7jouficcil&location=suzhou&language=zh-Hans&unit=c" },
};
static void http_async_client_result_callback(const char *hostname, const char *result) {
printf("hostname:%s, result:%s\n\n\n\n", hostname, result);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
#if 0
//同步阻塞方式
int count = sizeof(reqs) / sizeof(reqs[0]);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0;i < count;i ++) {
http_client_commit(reqs[i].hostname, reqs[i].resource);
}
#else
struct async_context *ctx = http_async_client_init();
if (ctx == NULL) return -1;
int count = sizeof(reqs) / sizeof(reqs[0]);
int i = 0;
for (i = 0;i < count;i ++) {
http_async_client_commit(ctx, reqs[i].hostname, reqs[i].resource, http_async_client_result_callback);
}
getchar();
http_async_client_uninit(ctx);
#endif
}
4723
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
