目录:
Linux文件系统存储创建、扩展、删除
注:/dev/vg_name/lv_name
与/dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
结果一样路径不一致,
因为mapper中做的软连接
1、查看文件系统磁盘或分区信息
fdisk -l |grep /dev/sd
或
fdisk -l |grep /dev/vd
2、查看pv
(简略): pvs #即:(pvscan)
(详细): pvdisplay
3、查看vg
(简略): vgs
(详细): vgdisplay
4、查看lv
(简略): lvs
(详细): lvdisplay
5、创建pv
pvcreate /dev/sdb
查看:pvdisplay
6、删除pv
pvremove /dev/sdb
7、创建vg
vgcreate vg_name /dev/sdb1
查看:vgdisplay
8、扩展vg
vgextend vg_name /dev/sdb1
9、缩小vg
vgreduce vg_name /dev/sdb1
10、删除vg
vgremove vg_name
11、创建lv
lvcreate -l 5110 -n lv_name vg_name (5110是VG中的PE数值)
查看:lvdisplay
12、扩展lv
lvextend -L +20G /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
lvextend -l +5120 /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
#可加该-r或--resizefs参数直接在调整后刷新文件系统
(5120为vgdisplay中vg_name的pe值)
13、缩小lv
lvreduce -L -20G /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
lvreduce -l -5120 /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
#可加该-r或--resizefs参数直接在调整后刷新文件系统
(5120为vgdisplay中vg_name的pe值)
14、重置lv大小(相当于lvextend 和lvreduce 功能的集合)
lvresize -L +200M /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
lvresize -l +5120 /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
#可加该-r或--resizefs参数直接在调整后刷新文件系统
lvresize -L -200M /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
lvresize -l -5120 /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
(5120为vgdisplay中vg_name的pe值)
注:在Linux7操作系统中文件系统为“xfs”格式的逻辑卷不能不能缩减,若缩减则不能重新挂载到目录上
15、刷新lv(重新加载文件系统)
ext4格式:
resize2fs /dev/vg_name/lv_name
xfs格式:
xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name
16、格式化lv
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg_name/lv_name(linux6建议ext4格式)
mkfs -t xfs /dev/vg_name/lv_name(linux7建议xfs格式)
或者
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_name/lv_name
mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_name/lv_name
17、删除lv
lvremove /dev/vg_name/lv_name
18、挂载mv
mount /dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name /挂载点
19、开机自动挂载
vi /etc/fstab
添加以下内容:
/dev/mapper/vg_name-lv_name /挂载点 ext4 defaults 1 2
其中1表示需要dump(转储),要是0的话则该文件系统不需要转储;
其中2表示第二个检查,如果是1则是第一个检查,3的话就是第三个检查,依次类推最大为9,如果检查顺序相同,则是由上到下依序检查。
20、划分磁盘
(1)使用fdisk /dev/sdb (如果需要对一个disk划分多个分区和改变分区类型)
(2)存储大于2.2T需要使用parted分区
(1)fdisk磁盘分区演示:
创建分区:
[root@localhost sbin]# fdisk -l |grep /dev/vdb #查看要分区的磁盘
Disk /dev/vdb: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes
[root@localhost sbin]# fdisk /dev/vdb #配置磁盘分区
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6d2f9ea1.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n #n创建分区,m查看更多
Command action
e extended #扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #主分区
p
Partition number (1-4): 1 #分区编号(1-4)
First cylinder (1-1664406, default 1): 1 #初始值大小
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1664406, default 1664406): +60G #最后值大小
Command (m for help): t #改变分区类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e #分区类型代码(8e是 Linux LVM)(L查看更多分区代码)
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p #查看分区信息
Disk /dev/vdb: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1664406 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6d2f9ea1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 1 124831 62914792+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost sbin]# partprobe #重读分区表,重新刷新分区信息
(2)parted磁盘分区演示:
创建分区:
[root@sddsolddatadb /u01/software/rpm]# fdisk -l|grep /dev/sd
Disk /dev/sdj: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes, 4294967296 sectors
[root@sddsolddatadb /u01/software/rpm]# parted /dev/sdj
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sdj
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mktable #创建分区表,摁两次TAB键显示可用命令,执行(help mklable)mklable命令的用法及支持的分区表
New disk label type? gpt #分区表类型选择gpt类型
(parted) print #显示分区表,可用的设备,空闲大小
Model: SANGFOR VIRTUAL-DISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdj: 2199GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart #创建分区
Partition name? []? sdj1 #分区名称
File system type? [ext2]? xfs #分区的文件系统类型
Start? 1 #起始位置,1从头开始,也可以输入%0或1M,
End? -1 #-1表示到末尾,也可以输入百分比,100%表示使用全部剩余空间,输入大小一定要加单位
(parted) p #即print命令,显示分区表,可用的设备,空闲大小
Model: SANGFOR VIRTUAL-DISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdj: 2199GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 2199GB 2199GB sdj1
(parted) quit #退出
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
[root@sddsolddatadb /u01/software/rpm]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdj1 #格式化分区
meta-data=/dev/sdj1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=134217600 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=536870400, imaxpct=5
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=262143, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@sddsolddatadb /u01/software/rpm]#
parted --help
align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND
mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table)
mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition
name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME
print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free
space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
quit exit program
rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END
resizepart NUMBER END resize partition NUMBER
rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER
select DEVICE choose the device to edit
disk_set FLAG STATE change the FLAG on selected device
disk_toggle [FLAG] toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT
version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
通篇只有简单的命令,没有深入详解,如果有什么问题,欢迎留言。