Linux磁盘挂载、扩容、删除

爱吃虾的小孔雀

已于 2023-03-13 14:45:42 修改

阅读量3.5k

点赞数 1

文章标签： linux 5G 运维

于 2022-11-29 10:07:45 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60272225/article/details/127101196

版权

刚在vmcenter 添加了一块磁盘的时候是看不到磁盘信息的,lsblk查看之后原来的sda，没有新添加的磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                         8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0  476M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                      8:2    0   52G  0 part
│ ├─rootvg-syslv          253:0    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─rootvg-swap           253:1    0  7.5G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ ├─rootvg-usr            253:2    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /usr
│ ├─rootvg-home           253:3    0  1.9G  0 lvm  /home
│ └─rootvg-var            253:4    0  5.4G  0 lvm  /var
└─sda3                      8:3    0 47.6G  0 part
sr0                        11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

刷盘

这时候需要执行刷盘操作，步骤如下

查看磁盘信息

查看原来的磁盘走的那个磁盘IO

[root@localhost ~]#  ls -l /sys/block 
total 0 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-0 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-1 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-2 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-3 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-4 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-5 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 loop0 -> ../devices/virtual/block/loop0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 loop1 -> ../devices/virtual/block/loop1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 sda -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sda

可以看到这个sda 走的是host2
sda -> …/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sda
看一下原来的磁盘走的是哪一个磁盘IO。如下面走的是host2

执行刷盘命令

echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan

验证情况

再看一眼磁盘情况，可以看到有sdb出现了

[root@localhost  block]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-0 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-1 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-2 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-3 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-4 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 dm-5 -> ../devices/virtual/block/dm-5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 loop0 -> ../devices/virtual/block/loop0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 loop1 -> ../devices/virtual/block/loop1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 sda -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/host2/target2:0:0/2:0:0:0/block/sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 14:57 sdb -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/host2/target2:0:1/2:0:1:0/block/sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep 29 09:34 sr0 -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.1/ata2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0

lsblk也看一下~也有了sdb盘

[root@localhost  block]# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                         8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0  476M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                      8:2    0   52G  0 part
│ ├─rootvg-syslv          253:0    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─rootvg-swap           253:1    0  7.5G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ ├─rootvg-usr            253:2    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /usr
│ ├─rootvg-home           253:3    0  1.9G  0 lvm  /home
│ └─rootvg-var            253:4    0  5.4G  0 lvm  /var
└─sda3                      8:3    0 47.6G  0 part
sdb                         8:16   0  100G  0 disk
sr0                        11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
loop0                       7:0    0  100G  0 loop
└─docker-253:4-39301-pool 253:5    0  100G  0 dm
loop1                       7:1    0    2G  0 loop
└─docker-253:4-39301-pool 253:5    0  100G  0 dm

新建磁盘

（主要步骤就是：pv—>vg—>lv—>磁盘格式化—>挂载）要理解PV-VG-LV的具体含义的，可以去百度一下~这里只仅仅写了如何操作

创建PV

我这边挂载的是/dev/sdb盘

[root@localhost  block]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  rootvg lvm2 a--   51.98g      0
  /dev/sda3  rootvg lvm2 a--  <47.55g <47.55g
##创建PV
pvcreate /dev/sdb
##查看结果
[root@localhost  ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  rootvg lvm2 a--   51.98g      0
  /dev/sda3  rootvg lvm2 a--  <47.55g <47.55g
  /dev/sdb          lvm2 ---  100.00g 100.00g

创建VG

当前vg情况查看：vgs命令

[root@localhost  ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  rootvg   2   5   0 wz--n- <99.53g <47.55g
##创建新vg
vgcreate Voolvg /dev/sdb

命令行解释：vgcreate Voolvg (自定义的vg名称) /dev/sdb (新添加的磁盘)

查看一下结果(这里使用的创建新VG哈)

[root@localhost  ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  Voolvg   1   0   0 wz--n- <100.00g <100.00g
  rootvg   2   5   0 wz--n-  <99.53g  <47.55g

创建LV

当前lv情况查看命令：lvs

[root@localhost  ~]# lvs
  LV    VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home  rootvg -wi-ao----   1.86g
  swap  rootvg -wi-ao----   7.45g
  syslv rootvg -wi-ao---- <18.63g
  usr   rootvg -wi-ao---- <18.63g
  var   rootvg -wi-ao----  <5.41g
##
lvcreate -l 100%VG -n Voolvg001 Voolvg

命令行解释：lvcreate -l (常用的就是两个-l和-L，-l 后面是添加百分比、-L 后面添加的大小；eg：-l 90%VG ； -L 50G) 100%VG (把VG的余量全部给新创建的lv) -n Voolvg001 (新的lv的名称) Voolvg (vg名称)

这里可以看到新增了一个voolvg001

[root@localhost  ~]# lvs
  LV        VG     Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  Voolvg001 Voolvg -wi-a----- <100.00g
  home      rootvg -wi-ao----    1.86g
  swap      rootvg -wi-ao----    7.45g
  syslv     rootvg -wi-ao----  <18.63g
  usr       rootvg -wi-ao----  <18.63g
  var       rootvg -wi-ao----   <5.41g

磁盘格式化

使用的是ext4格式进行格式化，后期可以进行缩容。之前使用的是默认的xfs，发现不能缩容。

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME                      MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                         8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1                      8:1    0  476M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                      8:2    0   52G  0 part
│ ├─rootvg-syslv          253:0    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─rootvg-swap           253:1    0  7.5G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ ├─rootvg-usr            253:2    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /usr
│ ├─rootvg-home           253:3    0  1.9G  0 lvm  /home
│ └─rootvg-var            253:4    0  5.4G  0 lvm  /var
└─sda3                      8:3    0 47.6G  0 part
sdb                         8:16   0  100G  0 disk
└─Voolvg-Voolvg001        253:6    0  100G  0 lvm

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001: 107.4 GB, 107369988096 bytes, 209707008 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

可以看到新增了一个DISK盘：/dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001
格式化磁盘

mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001

磁盘挂载尝试一下

##需要先创建要挂载的磁盘
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /application
##磁盘挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001  /application
##查看一下结果，多出了一个/application/的挂载点
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem                   Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                     devtmpfs  974M     0  974M   0% /dev
tmpfs                        tmpfs     991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        tmpfs     991M  106M  885M  11% /run
tmpfs                        tmpfs     991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rootvg-syslv     xfs        19G  1.5G   18G   8% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-usr       xfs        19G  6.6G   13G  36% /usr
/dev/sda1                    xfs       473M  285M  188M  61% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var       xfs       5.4G  1.7G  3.8G  31% /var
/dev/mapper/rootvg-home      xfs       1.9G   33M  1.9G   2% /home
tmpfs                        tmpfs     199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001 ext4       99G   61M   94G   1% /application

现在把它放在/etc/fstab文件中，这样重启主机也会自动挂载 (添加了之后一行)

[root@wj-infra-prd-9355717a ~]# cat /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/rootvg-syslv /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=3c672b5d-7e46-4f25-9b90-2b69ac4e86a3 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rootvg-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rootvg-usr  /usr                    xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var  /var                    xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/rootvg-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001  /application  ext4 defaults        0 0

就此创建新磁盘结束了~

不看详解，只看步骤

所有的步骤整理如下如下

pvcreate /dev/sdb
vgcreate Voolvg  /dev/sdb
lvcreate -l 100%VG -n Voolvg001  Voolvg 
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001
echo "/dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001  /application  ext4 defaults        0 0" >>/etc/fstab
mkdir -p /application  
mount -a

扩容

（主要步骤就是：pv—>vg—>lv—>磁盘扩容）

本次要扩容data目录的空间，先查看具体情况

[root@wj-opsp-dev-web2 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem               Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs  7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev
/dev/mapper/rootvg-syslv xfs        19G  292M   19G   2% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-usr   xfs        19G  6.7G   12G  36% /usr
/dev/sda1                xfs       473M  244M  230M  52% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var   xfs       5.4G  4.5G  954M  83% /var
/dev/mapper/voolvg-data  xfs       100G  100G   12K 100% /data

可以看出来要扩容的磁盘的vg为voolvg lv为data

新建一个磁盘扩容

创建pv

参考新建磁盘的步骤

扩容VG

此处我要把/dev/sdb 的空间扩容给 voolvg

##查看当前VG情况
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
File descriptor 3 (socket:[495732500]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 6689: -bash
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  rootvg   2   5   0 wz--n-  <99.53g <47.55g
  voolvg   1   1   0 wz--n- <100.00g      0

##将sdb的空间扩容给vg：voolvg里面
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend voolvg /dev/sdb
File descriptor 3 (socket:[495732500]) leaked on vgextend invocation. Parent PID 6689: -bash
  Volume group "voolvg" successfully extended

##再查看一下vg的空间，可以看到总计是300G了。			
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
File descriptor 3 (socket:[495732500]) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 6689: -bash
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  rootvg   2   5   0 wz--n- <99.53g  <47.55g
  voolvg   2   1   0 wz--n- 299.99g <200.00g

扩容LV

##查看一下lv的情况
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
File descriptor 3 (socket:[495732500]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 6689: -bash
  LV    VG     Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home  rootvg -wi-ao----    1.86g
  data  voolvg -wi-ao---- <100.00g

##将vg多余的空间都给到lv-data
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/voolvg/data
File descriptor 3 (socket:[495732500]) leaked on lvextend invocation. Parent PID 6689: -bash
  Size of logical volume voolvg/data changed from <100.00 GiB (25599 extents) to 299.99 GiB (76798 extents).
  Logical volume voolvg/data successfully resized.

##再查看一下lv的情况，可以看到data已经为300G了
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
File descriptor 3 (socket:[495732500]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 6689: -bash
  LV    VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  home  rootvg -wi-ao----   1.86g
  swap  rootvg -wi-ao----   7.45g
  syslv rootvg -wi-ao---- <18.63g
  usr   rootvg -wi-ao---- <18.63g
  var   rootvg -wi-ao----  <5.41g
  data  voolvg -wi-ao---- 299.99g

磁盘扩容

查看一下要扩容的目录的磁盘格式化格式。

xfs类型文件系统扩展文件系统命令为 xfs_growfs
ext类型文件系统扩展文件系统命令为 resize2fs

[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem               Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs  7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev
/dev/mapper/rootvg-syslv xfs        19G  292M   19G   2% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-usr   xfs        19G  6.7G   12G  36% /usr
/dev/sda1                xfs       473M  244M  230M  52% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var   xfs       5.4G  4.5G  954M  83% /var
/dev/mapper/voolvg-data  xfs       100G  100G   12K 100% /data
/dev/mapper/rootvg-home  xfs       1.9G   41M  1.9G   3% /home

可以看到此处要扩容的data的文件类型为 xfs

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /data
meta-data=/dev/mapper/voolvg-data isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6553344 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=26213376, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=12799, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 26213376 to 78641152

##扩容完看一下，/data目录更改为了300G
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
Filesystem               Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 devtmpfs  7.9G     0  7.9G   0% /dev
/dev/mapper/rootvg-syslv xfs        19G  292M   19G   2% /
/dev/mapper/rootvg-usr   xfs        19G  6.7G   12G  36% /usr
/dev/sda1                xfs       473M  244M  230M  52% /boot
/dev/mapper/rootvg-var   xfs       5.4G  4.5G  954M  83% /var
/dev/mapper/voolvg-data  xfs       300G  100G  200G  34% /data
/dev/mapper/rootvg-home  xfs       1.9G   41M  1.9G   3% /home

不看详解，只看步骤

pvcreate /dev/sdb
vgextend voolvg /dev/sdb
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/voolvg/data
xfs_growfs /data

在原磁盘上扩容

（主要步骤就是：pv—>lv—>磁盘扩容）

调整物理卷大小

此处调整的是/dev/sdc

##可以看到当前/app的大小是150
[root@wj-infra-prd-9355717a ~]# lsblk
NAME                  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                     8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1                  8:1    0  476M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                  8:2    0   52G  0 part
│ ├─rootvg-syslv      253:0    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /
└─sda3                  8:3    0 47.6G  0 part
sdb                     8:16   0  100G  0 disk
└─Voolvg-Voolvg001    253:6    0  100G  0 lvm  /application
sdc                     8:32   0  150G  0 disk
└─VolGroup-VolGroup01 253:5    0  150G  0 lvm  /app
sr0                    11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

##当前是150G
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  VolGroup   1   1   0 wz--n- <150.00g      0
  rootvg     2   5   0 wz--n-  <99.53g <47.55g

##重新变更一下磁盘空间
[root@localhost ~]# pvresize /dev/sdc
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized

再看一下VG的情况

[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG       #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  VolGroup   1   1   0 wz--n- <200.00g  50.00g
  Voolvg     1   1   0 wz--n- <100.00g      0
  rootvg     2   5   0 wz--n-  <99.53g <47.55g

可以看到多出了50G

LV扩容

扩容LV

参考扩容中–新建一个磁盘扩容—扩容步骤

删除

（主要步骤跟新建倒过来：去掉挂载盘—删除vg—删除pv—vcenter上面删除硬盘）
我想要删除/app 这个目录。 lsblk看一下，是在/dev/sdc 这个硬盘上

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME                  MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                     8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1                  8:1    0  476M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                  8:2    0   52G  0 part
│ ├─rootvg-syslv      253:0    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─rootvg-swap       253:1    0  7.5G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ ├─rootvg-usr        253:2    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /usr
│ ├─rootvg-home       253:3    0  1.9G  0 lvm  /home
│ └─rootvg-var        253:4    0  5.4G  0 lvm  /var
└─sda3                  8:3    0 47.6G  0 part
sdb                     8:16   0  100G  0 disk
└─Voolvg-Voolvg001    253:6    0  100G  0 lvm  /application
sdc                     8:32   0  200G  0 disk
└─VolGroup-VolGroup01 253:5    0  200G  0 lvm  /app
sr0                    11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

去掉挂载盘

umount /app

删除/etc/fstab 文件中挂载/app的那一部分。此处是标黄色的部分
/dev/mapper/Voolvg-Voolvg001 /application ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-VolGroup01 /app ext4 defaults 0 0

删除VG

/app 挂载的是 vg是VolGroup。删除vg

[root@localhost ~]# vgremove VolGroup
Do you really want to remove volume group "VolGroup" containing 1 logical volumes? [y/n]: y
Do you really want to remove active logical volume VolGroup/VolGroup01? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "VolGroup01" successfully removed
  Volume group "VolGroup" successfully removed

##查看一下
[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize    VFree
  Voolvg   1   1   0 wz--n- <100.00g      0
  rootvg   2   5   0 wz--n-  <99.53g <47.55g

删除PV

删除/dev/sdc 这一个pv

[root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdc
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully wiped.

##看一下没有这个pv了
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/sda2  rootvg lvm2 a--    51.98g      0
  /dev/sda3  rootvg lvm2 a--   <47.55g <47.55g
  /dev/sdb   Voolvg lvm2 a--  <100.00g      0

vcenter上面删除硬盘

查看一下硬盘挂载的SCSI是几.可以看出是 host2/target2:0:2 挂载的是0:2

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /sys/block/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Nov 28 14:25 sdc -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:10.0/host2/target2:0:2/2:0:2:0/block/sdc

登录vcenter 查看0:2的是哪一个。可以看出来是硬盘3。删除这个硬盘3，重启主机。
在这里插入图片描述
再登录主机看一下，是没有sdc硬盘的了

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME               MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda                  8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1               8:1    0  476M  0 part /boot
├─sda2               8:2    0   52G  0 part
│ ├─rootvg-syslv   253:0    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /
│ ├─rootvg-swap    253:1    0  7.5G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ ├─rootvg-usr     253:2    0 18.6G  0 lvm  /usr
│ ├─rootvg-home    253:3    0  1.9G  0 lvm  /home
│ └─rootvg-var     253:4    0  5.4G  0 lvm  /var
└─sda3               8:3    0 47.6G  0 part
sdb                  8:16   0  100G  0 disk
└─Voolvg-Voolvg001 253:5    0  100G  0 lvm  /application
sr0                 11:0    1 1024M  0 rom