ubuntu查看已安装所有软件包

dpkg -l --列出当前系统中所有的包.可以和参数less一起使用在分屏查看. (类似于rpm -qa)
dpkg -l |grep -i "软件包名" --查看系统中与"软件包名"相关联的包.

期望状态=未知(u)/安装(i)/删除(r)/清除(p)/保持(h)
| 状态=未安装(n)/已安装(i)/仅存配置(c)/仅解压缩(U)/配置失败(F)/不完全安装(H)/触发器等待(W)/触发器未决(T)
|/ 错误?=(无)/须重装(R) (状态，错误：大写=故障)
||/ 名称                             版本                                       体系结构：   描述
+++-================================-==========================================-============-===============================================================================
ii  accountsservice                  0.6.40-2ubuntu11.3                         amd64        query and manipulate user account information
ii  acl                              2.2.52-3                                   amd64        Access control list utilities
ii  acpid                            1:2.0.26-1ubuntu2                          amd64        Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii  adduser                          3.113+nmu3ubuntu4                          all          add and remove users and groups
ii  apparmor                         2.10.95-0ubuntu2.6                         amd64        user-space parser utility for AppArmor
ii  apport                           2.20.1-0ubuntu2.5                          all          automatically generate crash reports for debugging

其中ii表示 期望状态 安装(i), 状态也为安装(i)

rc  fontconfig-config                2.11.94-0ubuntu1.1                         all          generic font configuration library - configuration
rc  fonts-dejavu-core                2.35-1                                     all          Vera font family derivate with additional charactersrc  fontconfig-config               

其中rc表示  期望状态删除r  状态为仅存配置c