有时需要测试一下某个功能的并发性能,又不要想借助于其他工具,索性就自己的开发语言,来一个并发请求就最方便了。
java中模拟并发请求,自然是很方便的,只要多开几个线程,发起请求就好了。但是,这种请求,一般会存在启动的先后顺序了,算不得真正的同时并发!怎么样才能做到真正的同时并发呢?是本文想说的点,java中提供了闭锁 CountDownLatch, 刚好就用来做这种事就最合适了。
只需要:
1. 开启n个线程,加一个闭锁,开启所有线程;
2. 待所有线程都准备好后,按下开启按钮,就可以真正的发起并发请求了。
package com.test; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class LatchTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() { // 注意,此处是非线程安全的,留坑 private int iCounter; @Override public void run() { for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { // 发起请求 // HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/"); iCounter++; System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter); try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest(); latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp); } public long startTaskAllInOnce(int threadNums, final Runnable task) throws InterruptedException { final CountDownLatch startGate = new CountDownLatch(1); final CountDownLatch endGate = new CountDownLatch(threadNums); for(int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) { Thread t = new Thread() { public void run() { try { // 使线程在此等待,当开始门打开时,一起涌入门中 startGate.await(); try { task.run(); } finally { // 将结束门减1,减到0时,就可以开启结束门了 endGate.countDown(); } } catch (InterruptedException ie) { ie.printStackTrace(); } } }; t.start(); } long startTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println(startTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is ready, concurrent going..."); // 因开启门只需一个开关,所以立马就开启开始门 startGate.countDown(); // 等等结束门开启 endGate.await(); long endTime = System.nanoTime(); System.out.println(endTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is completed."); return endTime - startTime; } } |
与 CountDownLatch 有类似功能的,还有个工具栅栏 CyclicBarrier, 也是提供一个等待所有线程到达某一点后,再一起开始某个动作,效果一致,不过栅栏的目的确实比较纯粹,就是等待所有线程到达,而前面说的闭锁 CountDownLatch 虽然实现的也是所有线程到达后再开始,但是他的触发点其实是 最后那一个开关,所以侧重点是不一样的。
简单看一下栅栏是如何实现真正同时并发呢?示例如下:
// 与 闭锁 结构一致 public class LatchTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() { private int iCounter; @Override public void run() { // 发起请求 // HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/"); iCounter++; System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter); } }; LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest(); // latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp); latchTest.startNThreadsByBarrier(5, taskTemp); } public void startNThreadsByBarrier(int threadNums, Runnable finishTask) throws InterruptedException { // 设置栅栏解除时的动作,比如初始化某些值 CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(threadNums, finishTask); // 启动 n 个线程,与栅栏阀值一致,即当线程准备数达到要求时,栅栏刚好开启,从而达到统一控制效果 for (int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) { Thread.sleep(100); new Thread(new CounterTask(barrier)).start(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " out over..."); } } class CounterTask implements Runnable { // 传入栅栏,一般考虑更优雅方式 private CyclicBarrier barrier; public CounterTask(final CyclicBarrier barrier) { this.barrier = barrier; } public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " is ready..."); try { // 设置栅栏,使在此等待,到达位置的线程达到要求即可开启大门 barrier.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " started..."); } } |