有时需要测试一下某个功能的并发性能，又不要想借助于其他工具，开发一个并发请求就最方便了。
java中模拟并发请求，只要多开几个线程，发起请求就好了。但是，这种请求，一般会存在启动的先后顺序了，算不得真正的同时并发！怎么样才能做到真正的同时并发呢？java中提供了闭锁CountDownLatch, 刚好就用来做这种事就最合适了。
- 开启n个线程，加一个闭锁，开启所有线程；
- 待所有线程都准备好后，按下开启按钮，就可以真正的发起并发请求了。
package com.test;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class LatchTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() {
// 注意，此处是非线程安全的，留坑
private int iCounter;
@Override
public void run() {
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
// 发起请求
// HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/");
iCounter++;
System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter);
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest();
latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp);
}
/**
* 模拟并发
*/
public long startTaskAllInOnce(int threadNums, final Runnable task) throws InterruptedException {
final CountDownLatch startGate = new CountDownLatch(1);
final CountDownLatch endGate = new CountDownLatch(threadNums);
for(int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) {
Thread t = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
// 使线程在此等待，当开始门打开时，一起涌入门中
startGate.await();
try {
task.run();
} finally {
// 将结束门减1，减到0时，就可以开启结束门了
endGate.countDown();
}
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
ie.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
t.start();
}
long startTime = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println(startTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is ready, concurrent going...");
// 因开启门只需一个开关，所以立马就开启开始门
startGate.countDown();
// 等等结束门开启
endGate.await();
long endTime = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println(endTime + " [" + Thread.currentThread() + "] All thread is completed.");
return endTime - startTime;
}
}
httpClientOp 工具类
class HttpClientOp {
public static String doGet(String httpurl) {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
InputStream is = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = null;// 返回结果字符串
try {
// 创建远程url连接对象
URL url = new URL(httpurl);
// 通过远程url连接对象打开一个连接，强转成httpURLConnection类
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设置连接方式：get
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
// 设置连接主机服务器的超时时间：15000毫秒
connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
// 设置读取远程返回的数据时间：60000毫秒
connection.setReadTimeout(60000);
// 发送请求
connection.connect();
// 通过connection连接，获取输入流
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
is = connection.getInputStream();
// 封装输入流is，并指定字符集
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
// 存放数据
StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
String temp = null;
while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
sbf.append(temp);
sbf.append("\r\n");
}
result = sbf.toString();
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != br) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != is) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
connection.disconnect();// 关闭远程连接
}
return result;
}
public static String doPost(String httpUrl, String param) {
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
// 通过远程url连接对象打开连接
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 设置连接请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 设置连接主机服务器超时时间：15000毫秒
connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
// 设置读取主机服务器返回数据超时时间：60000毫秒
connection.setReadTimeout(60000);
// 默认值为：false，当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时，需要设置为true
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// 默认值为：true，当前向远程服务读取数据时，设置为true，该参数可有可无
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 设置传入参数的格式:请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 设置鉴权信息：Authorization: Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0
connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0");
// 通过连接对象获取一个输出流
os = connection.getOutputStream();
// 通过输出流对象将参数写出去/传输出去,它是通过字节数组写出的
os.write(param.getBytes());
// 通过连接对象获取一个输入流，向远程读取
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
is = connection.getInputStream();
// 对输入流对象进行包装:charset根据工作项目组的要求来设置
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
String temp = null;
// 循环遍历一行一行读取数据
while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
sbf.append(temp);
sbf.append("\r\n");
}
result = sbf.toString();
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != br) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != os) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != is) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 断开与远程地址url的连接
connection.disconnect();
}
return result;
}
}
并发请求操作流程示意图如下
此处设置了一道门，以保证所有线程可以同时生效。但是，此处的同时启动，也只是语言层面的东西，也并非绝对的同时并发。具体的调用还要依赖于CPU个数，线程数及操作系统的线程调度功能等！
与 CountDownLatch 有类似功能的，还有个工具栅栏 CyclicBarrier, 也是提供一个等待所有线程到达某一点后，再一起开始某个动作，效果一致，不过栅栏的目的确实比较纯粹，就是等待所有线程到达，而前面说的闭锁 CountDownLatch 虽然实现的也是所有线程到达后再开始，但是他的触发点其实是 最后那一个开关，所以侧重点是不一样的。
CyclicBarrier(栅栏)实现高并发
public class TestCyclic {
@Test
public void test01() {
int count = 10000;//并发线程数
CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(count);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(count);
int n = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
executorService.execute(new TestCyclic().new Task(cyclicBarrier, n));
n++;
}
executorService.shutdown(); // 关闭线程池
// 判断是否所有的线程已经运行完
while (!executorService.isTerminated()) {
try {
// 所有线程池中的线程执行完毕，执行后续操作
// TODO
System.out.println("==============is sleep============");
Thread.sleep(10000);
System.out.println("==============is wake============");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class Task implements Runnable {
private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;
int n = 0;
public Task(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier, int n) {
this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
this.n = n;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 等待所有任务准备就绪
System.out.println("赛马" + n + "到达栅栏前");
cyclicBarrier.await();
System.out.println("赛马" + n + "开始跑");
// 测试内容
System.out.println("hello: " + n);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/ 与 闭锁 结构一致
public class LatchTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Runnable taskTemp = new Runnable() {
private int iCounter;
@Override
public void run() {
// 发起请求
// HttpClientOp.doGet("https://www.baidu.com/");
iCounter++;
System.out.println(System.nanoTime() + " [" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "] iCounter = " + iCounter);
}
};
LatchTest latchTest = new LatchTest();
// latchTest.startTaskAllInOnce(5, taskTemp);
latchTest.startNThreadsByBarrier(5, taskTemp);
}
public void startNThreadsByBarrier(int threadNums, Runnable finishTask) throws InterruptedException {
// 设置栅栏解除时的动作，比如初始化某些值
CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(threadNums, finishTask);
// 启动 n 个线程，与栅栏阀值一致，即当线程准备数达到要求时，栅栏刚好开启，从而达到统一控制效果
for (int i = 0; i < threadNums; i++) {
Thread.sleep(100);
new Thread(new CounterTask(barrier)).start();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " out over...");
}
}
class CounterTask implements Runnable {
// 传入栅栏，一般考虑更优雅方式
private CyclicBarrier barrier;
public CounterTask(final CyclicBarrier barrier) {
this.barrier = barrier;
}
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " is ready...");
try {
// 设置栅栏，使在此等待，到达位置的线程达到要求即可开启大门
barrier.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " - " + System.currentTimeMillis() + " started...");
}
}
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