Matplotlib基础绘图函数

pyplot饼图的绘制

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

labels='Frogs','Hogs','Dogs','Logs'
sizes=[15,30,45,10]
explode=(0,0.1,0,0)     #第二个突出显示

plt.pie(sizes,explode=explode,labels=labels,autopct='%1.1f%%',shadow=False,startangle=90)

plt.show()

加入如下语句可使图像变为正圆

plt.axis=('equal')

pyplot直方图的绘制

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
np.random.seed(0)
mu,sigma=100,20      #均值和标准差
a=np.random.normal(mu,sigma,size=100)

plt.hist(a,20,normed=1,histtype='stepfilled',facecolor='b',alpha=0.75)
#第二个参数bin,直方图的个数
plt.title('Histogram')

plt.show()

plt.hist参数：

arr: 需要计算直方图的一维数组

bins: 直方图的柱数，可选项，默认为10

normed: 是否将得到的直方图向量归一化。默认为0

facecolor: 直方图颜色

edgecolor: 直方图边框颜色

alpha: 透明度

histtype: 直方图类型，‘bar’, ‘barstacked’, ‘step’, ‘stepfilled’

pyplot极坐标图的绘制

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

N=20
theta=np.linspace(0.0,2*np.pi,N,endpoint=False)
radii=10*np.random.rand(N)         #弧度
width=np.pi/4*np.random.rand(N)    #扇形弧长
ax=plt.subplot(111,projection='polar')
bars=ax.bar(theta,radii,width=width,bottom=0.0)

for r,bar in zip(radii,bars):
    bar.set_facecolor(plt.cm.virdis(r/10.))
    bar.set_alpha(0.5)

plt.show()

面向对象绘制极坐标

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

N=10
theta=np.linspace(0.0,2*np.pi,N,endpoint=False)
radii=10*np.random.rand(N)
width=np.pi/2*np.random.rand(N)
ax=plt.subplot(111,projection='polar')
bars=ax.bar(theta,radii,width=width,bottom=0.0)

for r,bar in zip(radii,bars):
    bar.set_facecolor(plt.cm.virdis(r/10.))
    bar.set_alpha(0.5)

plt.show()

 

pyplot散点图绘制

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

fig,ax=plt.subplots()
ax.plot(10*np.random.randn(100),10*np.random.randn(100),'o')
ax.set_title('Simple Scatter')

plt.show()