OpenCV学习小记（1）

OpenCV学习小记（1）

1.反转图像

函数：cv::flip()

void flip(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int flipCode);

参数fipCode: 整数，水平发转；0垂直反转；负数，水平垂直均反转。

2.sobel边缘检测

函数：cv::sobel()

例程：

	//从文件中读入图像
	const char* imagename = "lena.BMP";
	Mat img = imread(imagename);
	if(img.empty())	//如果读入图像失败
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Can not load image %s\n", imagename);
		return -1;
	}

	namedWindow("original image");
	imshow("original image",img);


	//Mat result;
	//flip(img, result, -1);	//反转图像
	Mat sobelX, sobelY, sobel;
	Sobel(img, sobelX, CV_16S, 1, 0);
	Sobel(img, sobelY, CV_16S, 0, 1);
	sobel = abs(sobelX) + abs(sobelY);

	//搜索sobel极大值
	double sobmin, sobmax;
	minMaxLoc(sobel, &sobmin, &sobmax);

	//变换为8位图像
	//sobelImage = -alpha*sobel + 255
	Mat sobelImage;
	sobel.convertTo(sobelImage, CV_8U, -255./sobmax, 255);

	namedWindow("sobelImage");
	imshow("sobelImage", sobelImage);

	Mat sobelThresholded;
	double threadVal = 200;	
	threshold(sobelImage, sobelThresholded, threadVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY);

	namedWindow("sobelThresholded");
	imshow("sobelThresholded", sobelThresholded);

3. 读取单通道灰度图像

	Mat img = imread("lena.bmp", 0);
	imshow("lena", img);

建立的img是单通道的。

4. 中值滤波

	CvImgProc cvImgProc;

	Mat img = imread("lena.bmp", 0); //读取图像
	namedWindow("lena", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("lena", img);

	Mat saltImg = img.clone(); //复制图像
	cvImgProc.salt(saltImg, 1000); //添加椒盐噪声
	namedWindow("saltlena", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("saltlena", saltImg);

	Mat blurImg;
	medianBlur(saltImg, blurImg, 3); //5*5中值滤波
	namedWindow("blurImg", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("blurImg", blurImg);

5. canny边缘检测

	Mat img = imread("lena.bmp", 0); //读取图像
	namedWindow("lena", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("lena", img);

	Mat contours;
	Canny(img, contours, 125, 350); //canny边缘检测
	namedWindow("contours", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("contours", contours);

	Mat contoursInv; 
	threshold(contours, contoursInv, 128, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV); //反转边缘图像
	namedWindow("contoursInv", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	imshow("contoursInv", contoursInv);

6. 腐蚀操作

原理：腐蚀替换当前像素位像素集合中找到的最小像素值。

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("binary.bmp");
	namedWindow("binary");
	imshow("binary", image);

	//腐蚀图像
	Mat eroded; //目标图像
	 //使用默认的方形结构元素(等价于以下注释掉的代码)
	erode(image, eroded, Mat());
	//Mat element(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));
	//erode(image, eroded, element);
	//显示腐蚀后的图像
	namedWindow("Eroded Image");
	imshow("Eroded Image", eroded);

7. 膨胀操作

原理：膨胀是替换当前像素位像素集合中找到的最大像素值。

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("binary.bmp");
	namedWindow("binary");
	imshow("binary", image);

	//膨胀图像
	Mat dilated; //目标图像
	//使用默认的方形结构元素(等价于以下注释掉的代码)
	dilate(image, dilated, Mat());
	//Mat element(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));
	//dilate(image, dilated, element);
	//显示膨胀后的图像
	namedWindow("Dilated Image");
	imshow("Dilated Image", dilated);

还可以进行多次膨胀，只需将执行函数该为：

dilate(image, dilated, Mat(), Point(-1, -1), 3);

8. 图像二值化

	CvImgProc cvImgProc;

	//读取输入图像
	//Mat image = imread("lena.bmp");
	IplImage* iplImage = cvLoadImage("lena.bmp");

	IplImage* iplImage2 = cvCreateImage(cvSize(512, 512), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1); 

	double thresholdVal = cvImgProc.cvThresholdOtsu(iplImage);
	printf("thresholdVal = %lf", thresholdVal);

	Mat image(iplImage, false);
	Mat image3;
	threshold(image, image3, thresholdVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	namedWindow("binary");
	imshow("binary", image3);

得出阈值是127

version 2:

	CvImgProc cvImgProc;

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("camera.tiff");

	Mat image2;
	int thresholdVal = cvImgProc.cvOtsu(image);
	printf("thresholdVal = %d", thresholdVal);
	threshold(image, image2, thresholdVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY);
	namedWindow("binary");
	imshow("binary", image2);
	imwrite("cameraBinary.bmp", image2);

9.闭运算

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("lenaBinary.bmp");
	Mat element5(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));
	Mat closed;
	morphologyEx(image, closed, MORPH_CLOSE, element5);
	namedWindow("closed");
	imshow("closed", closed);

10.开运算

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("lenaBinary.bmp");
	Mat element3(3, 3, CV_8U, Scalar(1));
	Mat opened;
	morphologyEx(image, opened, MORPH_CLOSE, element3);
	namedWindow("closed");
	imshow("closed", opened);

11.三通道彩色图像转单通道灰度图像

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("pepper.bmp");
	namedWindow("image");
	imshow("image", image);
	Mat image2;
	cvtColor(image, image2, CV_BGR2GRAY, 1); //尾参：无/0保留通道个数；1单通道；3三通道。
	namedWindow("image2");
	imshow("image2", image2);
	imwrite("pepperGray.bmp", image2);

12.求图像的最大值和最小值

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("lena.bmp");
	namedWindow("image");
	imshow("image", image);
	double minVal, maxVal;
	minMaxLoc(image, &minVal, &maxVal);
	printf("minVal = %lf\n", minVal);
	printf("maxVal = %lf\n", maxVal);

13.角点提取

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("calibrateGray.bmp");
	namedWindow("image");
	imshow("image", image);
	
	//检测角点
	Mat cornerStrength;
	cornerHarris(image, cornerStrength, 
						3, //相邻像素的尺寸
						3, //滤波器的孔径大小
						0.01); //Harris参数
	
	//角点强度的阈值
	Mat harrisCorners;
	double thresholdVal = 0.0001;
	threshold(cornerStrength, harrisCorners, thresholdVal, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);
	namedWindow("harrisCorners");
	imshow("harrisCorners", harrisCorners);
	imwrite("calibrateHarris.bmp", harrisCorners);

14.判断图像是否读入成功

	//读取输入图像
	Mat image = imread("calibrateGray.bmp");
	if (!image.data)
	{
		printf("读取图像失败\n");
	}

15. 将unsigned char*（或BYTE*）封装成Mat类型

version 1

	int width = 0;
	int height = 0;
	int lineByte = 0;
	BYTE* imData = rdWtIm.Read8bitbmp("cam1FstImArSptImage.bmp", &width, &height, &lineByte);
	printf("width = %d\n", width);
	printf("height = %d\n", height);
	printf("lineByte = %d\n", lineByte);

	Mat iMat(height, width, CV_8UC1, imData, lineByte);
	namedWindow("lena");
	imshow("lena", iMat);

version 2

	RdWtIm rdWtIm;

	int width = 0;
	int height = 0;
	int lineByte = 0;
	BYTE* imData = rdWtIm.Read8bitbmp("lena.bmp", &width, &height, &lineByte); //cam1FstImArSptImage
	printf("width = %d\n", width);
	printf("height = %d\n", height);
	printf("lineByte = %d\n", lineByte);

	//Scalar scal = 0;
	Mat iMat(height, width, CV_8UC1, Scalar(0));
	iMat.step = lineByte;
	iMat.data = imData;
	namedWindow("lena");
	imshow("lena", iMat);

16.如何使图像显示窗口能够调节大小

void namedWindow(const string& winname, int flags=WINDOW_AUTOSIZE )

将参数：flags设置成WINDOW_NORMAL即可。

举例：

	namedWindow("original image", WINDOW_NORMAL);
	imshow("original image", image);

17.如何反转图像灰度，即求图像的负片

将图像中每点的灰度变成（255-gray），其中gray是当前点的灰度。

void bitwise_not(InputArray src, OutputArray dst, InputArray mask=noArray())

18.利用hough变换检测圆

	hough变换检测圆
	vector<Vec3f> circles;
	HoughCircles(inverse, circles, CV_HOUGH_GRADIENT,
							1, //累加器的分辨率（图像的尺寸/2）
							6, //两个圆之间的最小距离
							100, //Canny高阈值
							5, //最小投票数
							3, 7); //极小极大半径3 10

可以将检测出的圆绘制在图中

	//绘制圆
	vector<Vec3f>::const_iterator itc = circles.begin();
	while(itc != circles.end())
	{
		circle(inverse, Point((*itc)[0], (*itc)[1]), //圆心
		(*itc)[2], //半径
		Scalar(255), //颜色
		2);	//厚度
		++itc;
	}