Hibernate入门08_HQL查询

一、Hibernate的HQL查询

hql是面向对象查询,格式:from + 类名 + 类对象 + where + 对象的属性,如果是对数据库进行查询操作先比sql比较优。
这里写图片描述

二、代码

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Department {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Set<Employee> employees = new HashSet<>();
    //get/set...
}
public class Employee {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private float salary;
    private String email;
    private Department dept;

    public Employee() {
    }

    public Employee( String email, float salary,Department dept) {
        super();
        this.salary = salary;
        this.email = email;
        this.dept = dept;
    }
    //get/set...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Employee [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
    }
}

Department.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2017-4-4 15:42:11 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.hibernate.entities.Department" table="DEPARTMENT">
        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="ID" />
            <generator class="native" />

Employee.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2017-4-4 15:42:11 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 -->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.hibernate.entities.Employee" table="EMPLOYEES">
        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="ID" />
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="NAME" />
        </property>
        <property name="salary" type="float">
            <column name="SALARY" />
        </property>
        <property name="email" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="EMAIL" />
        </property>
        <many-to-one name="dept" class="com.hibernate.entities.Department" fetch="join">
            <column name="DEPT_ID" />
        </many-to-one>
    </class>

    <query name="salaryEmps"><![CDATA[FROM Employee e WHERE e.salary > :minSalart AND e.salary < :maxSalary]]></query>
</hibernate-mapping>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>

    <!-- 配置链接数据库的基本信息 -->
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate01</property>

        <!-- hibernate的基本信息 -->
        <!-- hibernate使用的数据库方言 -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property>
        <!-- 执行操作时是否在控制台打印sql语句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 是否对sql进行格式化 -->
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
        <!-- 指定自动生成数据表的策略 -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <!-- 设置hibernate的隔离级别 -->
        <property name="connection.isolation">2</property>
        <!-- 删除对象后,设置其OID为null -->
        <property name="use_identifier_rollback">true</property>

        <!-- 配置C3P0数据源 -->
        <property name="c3p0.max_size">100</property>
        <property name="c3p0.min_size">5</property>
        <property name="c3p0.acquire_increment">2</property>
        <property name="c3p0.idle_test_period">2000</property>
        <property name="c3p0.timeout">2000</property>
        <property name="c3p0.max_statements">10</property>

        <!-- 设置JDBC的statement读取数据库的时候每次从数据库中读取记录条数,这个值100合适,太大会损耗内存,小了速度慢 -->
        <property name="jdbc.fetch_size">100</property>
        <!-- 设置数据库进行批量删除,更新,插入的时候批次的大小,30比较合适 -->
        <property name="jdbc.batch_size">30</property>

        <!-- 指定关联的hbm.xml文件 -->
        <mapping resource="com/hibernate/entities/Department.hbm.xml"/>     
        <mapping resource="com/hibernate/entities/Employee.hbm.xml"/>       

    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

三、测试代码

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.nio.channels.SeekableByteChannel;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.hibernate.entities.Department;
import com.hibernate.entities.Employee;

import javassist.expr.NewArray;

public class HibernateTest {
    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private Session session;
    private Transaction transaction;

    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        List<Department> departments = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
            Department department = new Department();
            department.setName("DEPT_" + ("A" + i));
            departments.add(department);

            Employee employee1 = new Employee();
            employee1.setName("EMP1_" + ("a" + i));
            employee1.setEmail("EMAIL1_" + ("a" + i));
            employee1.setSalary(1000 + i);
            employee1.setDept(departments.get(i));

            Employee employee2 = new Employee();
            employee2.setName("EMP2_" + ("b" + i));
            employee2.setEmail("EMAIL2_" + ("b" + i));
            employee2.setSalary(2000 + i);
            employee2.setDept(departments.get(i));

            department.getEmployees().add(employee1);
            department.getEmployees().add(employee2);

            employee1.setDept(department);
            employee2.setDept(department);

            session.save(department);
            session.save(employee1);
            session.save(employee2);
        }

    }

    /***
     * 基于位置的参数
     */
    @Test
    public void testHQL() {
        // 1、创建Query对象
        // Employee-对象而不是表名
        String hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.salary > ? AND e.email LIKE ? AND e.dept = ? ORDER BY e.salary DESC";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        // 2、绑定参数
        Department dept = new Department();
        dept.setId(27);
        query.setFloat(0, 100f).setString(1, "%a0%").setEntity(2, dept);
        // 3、查询
        List<Employee> employees = query.list();
        System.out.println(employees.size());
    }

    /***
     * 基于命名参数
     */
    @Test
    public void testHQLNameParam() {
        // 1、创建Query对象
        // Employee-对象而不是表名
        String hql = "FROM Employee e WHERE e.salary > :sal AND e.email LIKE :email";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        // 2、绑定参数
        query.setFloat("sal", 1500f).setString("email", "%b5%");
        // 3、查询
        List<Employee> employees = query.list();
        System.out.println(employees.size());
    }

    /***
     * 分页查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testPageQuery() {
        String hql = "FROM Employee";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        int numPage = 3;// 第3页
        int pageSize = 5;// 每一页5条
        List<Employee> employees = query.setFirstResult((numPage - 1) * pageSize).setMaxResults(pageSize).list();
        System.out.println(employees);
    }

    /***
     * 命名查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testNameQuery() {
        //salaryEmps-<query name="salaryEmps">
        Query query = session.getNamedQuery("salaryEmps");
        //查询工资大于1000小于1020 的员工
        List<Employee> employees = query.setFloat("minSalart", 1000f).setFloat("maxSalary", 1020f).list();
        System.out.println(employees.size());
    }

    /***
     * 投影查询
     */
    @Test
    public void testFieldQuery() {
        //Employee类中要有对应的构造器
        String hql = "SELECT new Employee(e.email, e.salary, e.dept) "
                + "FROM Employee e "
                + "WHERE e.dept =:dept";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        Department dept = new Department();
        dept.setId(28);
//      List<Object[]> employees = query.setEntity("dept", dept).list();
//      for(Object[] objs : employees){
//          System.out.println(Arrays.asList(objs));
//      }
        List<Employee> employees = query.setEntity("dept", dept).list();
        for(Employee employee : employees){
            System.out.println(employee.getSalary()+ " "+employee.getDept().getName());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testGroupBy(){
        //查询每个部门 最低工资 > minsal,和最高工资
        String hql = "SELECT min(e.salary), max(e.salary) FROM Employee e GROUP BY e.dept HAVING min(salary) > :minsal";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        List<Object[]> objects = query.setFloat("minsal", 1000).list();
        for(Object[] objs : objects){
            System.out.println(Arrays.asList(objs));
        }
    }

    /***
     * 迫切左外链接  推荐使用
     * employees被初始化
     */
    @Test
    public void testLeftJoinFetch(){
        //SELECT DISTINCT -去除重复的元素
        String hql = "SELECT DISTINCT d FROM Department d LEFT JOIN FETCH d.employees";
//      String hql2 = "FROM Department d LEFT JOIN FETCH d.employees";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        List<Department> departments = query.list();
        System.out.println(departments.size());
    }

    /***
     * 左外链接
     * employees没有被初始化,使用的时候会再去查
     */
    @Test
    public void testLeftJoin(){
        //SELECT DISTINCT -去除重复的元素
//      String hql = "SELECT DISTINCT d FROM Department d LEFT JOIN d.employees";
//      Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        String hql2 = "FROM Department d LEFT JOIN d.employees";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql2);
        List<Object[]> departments = query.list();
        for(Object[] objects : departments){
            System.out.println(Arrays.asList(objects));
        }
    }

    /***
     * 内链接
     * employees没有被初始化,使用的时候会再去查
     */
    @Test
    public void testInnerJoin(){
        //SELECT DISTINCT -去除重复的元素
//      String hql = "SELECT DISTINCT d FROM Department d INNER JOIN d.employees";
//      Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        String hql2 = "FROM Department d INNER JOIN d.employees";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql2);
        List<Object[]> departments = query.list();
        for(Object[] objects : departments){
            System.out.println(Arrays.asList(objects));
        }
    }

    @Before
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("HibernateTest.init()");

        // 1.创建一个sessionFactory对象
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
        ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties())
                .buildServiceRegistry();
        sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);

        // 2.创建一个session对象
        session = sessionFactory.openSession();

        // 3.开启事务
        transaction = session.beginTransaction();

    }

    @After
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("HibernateTest.destroy()");
        // 5.提交事务
        transaction.commit();
        // 6.关闭session
        session.close();
        // 7.关闭SessionFactory
        sessionFactory.close();

    }

}
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