Linux内核引导

在老版本的内核源码中可以看到bootsect.S的引导扇区代码和setup.S辅助程序代码,BIOS把引导扇区读到0x7c00,这段代码把自身搬到0x90000处,把setup.S映像读到0x9200处

在新版本的内核中,把bootsect.S和setup.S合并到header.S中去了,并切不再负责系统的引导,而需要其他boot loader(比如grub).

header.S部分代码:

 

bootsect_start:

 

# Normalize the start address

ljmp $BOOTSEG, $start2

 

start2:

movw %cs, %ax

...

# Allow the user to press a key, then reboot

xorw %ax, %ax

int $0x16

int $0x19

 

# int 0x19 should never return.  In case it does anyway,

# invoke the BIOS reset code...

ljmp $0xf000,$0xfff0

 

.section ".bsdata", "a"

bugger_off_msg:

.ascii "Direct booting from floppy is no longer supported./r/n"

.ascii "Please use a boot loader program instead./r/n"

.ascii "/n"

.ascii "Remove disk and press any key to reboot . . ./r/n"

.byte 0

...

section ".header", "a"

.globl hdr

 

hdr:

...

boot_flag: .word 0xAA55

 

# offset 512, entry point

 

从这段代码可以看出只是显示Direct booting from floppy is no longer supported...的出错信息,如果BIOS直接把他加载到0x7c00将不能引导系统启动.注意最后的注释#offset512,entry point,从文件开始到最后一行boot_flag:word0xAA55并没有512字节,看看链接脚本setup.ld就知道了:

SECTIONS

{

. = 0;

.bstext : { *(.bstext) }

.bsdata : { *(.bsdata) }

. = 497;

.header : { *(.header) }

.entrytext : { *(.entrytext) }

....

通过.=497指定header的起始地址为0x1F1(497),这样到0xAA55整好512字节.

内存分布(Documentation/x86/i386/boot.txt)

                  ~                                          ~

                  |  Protected-mode kernel |

100000   +---------------------------------+

                  |  I/O memory hole             |

0A0000   +--------------------------------+

                  |  Reserved for BIOS         | Leave as much as possible unused

                  ~                                           ~

                  |  Command line                | (Can also be below the X+10000 mark)

X+10000 +--------------------------------+

                  |  Stack/heap                      | For use by the kernel real-mode code.

X+08000 +--------------------------------+

                  |  Kernel setup                   | The kernel real-mode code.

                  |  Kernel boot sector         | The kernel legacy boot sector.

X               +--------------------------------+

                  |  Boot loader                     | <- Boot sector entry point 0000:7C00

001000   +--------------------------------+

                  |Reserved for MBR/BIOS|

000800   +--------------------------------+

                  | Typically used by MBR |

000600   +--------------------------------+ 

                  |    BIOS use only              |

000000   +--------------------------------+

... where the address X is as low as the design of the boot loader

permits.

Boot loader把该映像加载到X处后,修改DS寄存器的值为X,跳转到DS:0x200把控制权交给_start:,代码如下:

//header.S

...

_start:

# Explicitly enter this as bytes, or the assembler

# tries to generate a 3-byte jump here, which causes

# everything else to push off to the wrong offset.

.byte 0xeb # short (2-byte) jump

.byte start_of_setup-1f

...

这是一条跳转指令,跳转到 start_of_setup处