【python爬虫专项（4）】BeautifulSoup介绍、安装以及简单使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-19 10:36:05 发布

lys_828

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-19 10:36:05 发布

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1. BeautifulSoup介绍与安装

1.1 什么是BeautifulSoup

Beautiful Soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库.它能够通过转换器实现惯用的文档导航,查找,修改文档的方式

1.2 如何安装？

首先查看电脑中有没有BeautifulSoup工具包：pip show beautifulsoup4
在这里插入图片描述
直接安装：pip install beautifulsoup4

1.3 如何导入BeaitufulSoup？

在代码窗口顶部输入： from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

1.4 官方案例演示

设置变量，输入以下html内容，代码如下

h = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>
"""


soup = BeautifulSoup(h,'lxml')

print(soup)#直接输出
print(soup.prettify())# 标准化输出

直接输出的结果为
在这里插入图片描述
标准化输出：

<html>
 <head>
  <title>
   The Dormouse's story
  </title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <p class="title">
   <b>
    The Dormouse's story
   </b>
  </p>
  <p class="story">
   Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
   <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">
    Elsie
   </a>
   ,
   <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">
    Lacie
   </a>
   and
   <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">
    Tillie
   </a>
   ;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
  </p>
  <p class="story">
   ...
  </p>
 </body>
</html>

解析标签

查找title标签	soup.title
输出title标签的名字	soup.title.name
查找p标签	soup.p
输出p标签中属性class的内容	soup.p[‘class’]
查找a标签	soup.a/soup.find(‘a’)
查找所有a标签	soup.find_all(‘a’)

查找title标签

print(soup.title)

#输出为：
<title>The Dormouse's story</title>

输出title标签的名字

print(soup.title.name)

#输出为：
'tltle'

查找p标签

print(soup.p)

#输出为
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

输出p标签中属性class的内容

print(soup.p['class'])

#输出为
['title']

查找a标签

print(soup.a)
print(soup.find('a'))

#输出为
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>

查找所有a标签

print(soup.find_all('a'))

#输出为
[<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>, 
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>,
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>]