反爬措施
之前使用等待时间来进行反爬措施的应对,也可以通过设置动态ip代理来应对
-
为什么爬虫需要设置代理ip?
当一直使用同一个ip访问网站时,由于访问网站次数过量,给服务器过多压力,该ip可能被禁
IP地址:IP地址是IP协议提供的一种统一的地址格式,它为互联网上的每一个网络和每一台主机分配一个逻辑地址,以此来屏蔽物理地址的差异 -
如何查看本地ip地址
① 直接百度搜索“ip”
② 通过访问网站返回信息得到:本机ip查询
可以直接点击链接,也可以在代码窗口通过输入代码获取
-
什么是代理ip?
代理,也称网络代理,英文全称是(Proxy Server),是一种特殊的网络服务,允许一个网络终端(一般为客户端)通过这个服务与另一个网络终端(一般为服务器)进行非直接的连接完整的代理请求过程
客户端首先与代理服务器创建连接,接着根据代理服务器所使用的代理协议,请求对目标服务器创建连接、或者获得目标服务器的指定资源;网络用户可以通过代理访问国外网站 -
如何选择使用代理
免费代理
不建议使用
付费代理
以阿布云为例
①注册阿布云
② 建议购买版本:HTTP隧道列表(动态版)
每条隧道的任意请求都从一个随机IP发出,默认每秒 5 个请求数,最多允许每秒 200 个请求数
③ python中如何设置?
import requests
ipurl = 'http://icanhazip.com/'
proxyHost = 'http-dyn.abuyun.com'
proxyPort = '9020'
proxyUser = 'HUBS6OW9L1YK7T4D'
proxyPass = '282C060B59B6BD58'
proxyMeta = 'http://%(user)s:%(pass)s@%(host)s:%(port)s' %{
'host':proxyHost,
'port':proxyPort,
'user':proxyUser,
'pass':proxyPass
}
ips = {
'http':proxyMeta,
'https':proxyMeta
}
for i in range(1,10):
resp = requests.get(ipurl,proxies=ips)
print('第{}次请求的ip为:{}'.format(i, resp.text))
输出结果如下:(之前已经导入过requests库了)
完善上一篇博文中反爬的对策
定义第三个函数,来生成动态的ip,代码如下
def get_proxies(p_User,p_Pass,p_Host,p_Port):
''' 【生成动态代理ip】函数
p_Host、p_Port:设置代理服务器
p_User、p_Pass:设置代理隧道验证信息
'''
p = 'http://%(user)s:%(pass)s@%(host)s:%(port)s' %{
'host':p_Host,
'port':p_Port,
'user':p_User,
'pass':p_Pass
}
ips = {
'http':p,
'https':p
}
return ips
#检测是否可以运行
ips_dic = get_proxies('HUBS6OW9L1YK7T4D','282C060B59B6BD58','http-dyn.abuyun.com','9020')
for i in range(1,10):
resp = requests.get('http://icanhazip.com/',proxies=ips_dic)
print('第{}次请求的ip为:{}'.format(i, resp.text))
在第二个函数中设置动态ip
需要在get请求后的括号里面添加proxies = ips的参数
r = requests.get(ui,headers = d_h, cookies = d_c,proxies = ips)
再调用封装的第三个函数
ips_dic = get_proxies('HUBS6OW9L1YK7T4D','282C060B59B6BD58','http-dyn.abuyun.com','9020')
爬取链家二手房源的全部代码及输出结果
全部代码(由于设置了动态ip,所以这里的等待时间就不需要了)
import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import pymongo
def url_extract(database,table,field):
'''【数据网页url提取】函数
database:数据库
table:源数据mongo集合对象
field:url字段
'''
dlst = table.find()
lst = []
for item in dlst:
lst.append(item[field])
return lst
def get_proxies(p_User,p_Pass,p_Host,p_Port):
''' 【生成动态代理ip】函数
p_Host、p_Port:设置代理服务器
p_User、p_Pass:设置代理隧道验证信息
'''
p = 'http://%(user)s:%(pass)s@%(host)s:%(port)s' %{
'host':p_Host,
'port':p_Port,
'user':p_User,
'pass':p_Pass
}
ips = {
'http':p,
'https':p
}
return ips
def get_data(ui,d_h,d_c,ips,table):
''' 【数据采集及mongo入库】函数
ui:数据信息网页
d_h:user-agent信息
ips:代理设置
table:mongo集合对象
'''
r = requests.get(ui,headers = d_h, cookies = d_c,proxies = ips)
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'lxml')
dic = {}
dic['标题'] = soup.h1.text
price = soup.find('div', class_="price").text
dic['总价_万'] = re.search(r'(\d+)万', price).group(1)
dic['单价_元'] = re.search(r'(\d+)元', price).group(1)
base_info = soup.find('div', class_="base").find('ul').find_all('li')
for li in base_info:
st = re.split(r'<.*?>',str(li))
dic[st[2]] = st[3]
transaction_info = soup.find('div', class_="transaction").find('ul').find_all('li')
for li in transaction_info:
st = re.split(r'<.*?>',str(li))
dic[st[2]] = st[4].replace('\n','').replace(' ','')
loc = re.search(r"resblockPosition:'([\d.]+),([\d.]+)'",r.text)
dic['lng'] = loc.group(1)
dic['lat'] = loc.group(2)
table.insert_one(dic)
if __name__ == '__main__':
dic_headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'}
cookies = "TY_SESSION_ID=a63a5c48-ee8a-411b-b774-82b887a09de9; lianjia_uuid=1e4ed8ae-d689-4d12-a788-2e93397646fd; _smt_uid=5dbcff46.49fdcd46; UM_distinctid=16e2a452be0688-0c84653ae31a8-e343166-1fa400-16e2a452be1b5b; _jzqy=1.1572667207.1572667207.1.jzqsr=baidu|jzqct=%E9%93%BE%E5%AE%B6.-; _ga=GA1.2.1275958388.1572667209; _jzqx=1.1572671272.1572671272.1.jzqsr=sh%2Elianjia%2Ecom|jzqct=/ershoufang/pg2l1/.-; select_city=310000; lianjia_ssid=a2a11c0a-c451-43aa-879e-0d202a663a5d; Hm_lvt_9152f8221cb6243a53c83b956842be8a=1582085114; CNZZDATA1253492439=1147125909-1572665418-https%253A%252F%252Fsp0.baidu.com%252F%7C1582080390; CNZZDATA1254525948=626340744-1572665293-https%253A%252F%252Fsp0.baidu.com%252F%7C1582083769; CNZZDATA1255633284=176672440-1572665274-https%253A%252F%252Fsp0.baidu.com%252F%7C1582083985; CNZZDATA1255604082=1717363940-1572665282-https%253A%252F%252Fsp0.baidu.com%252F%7C1582083899; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2216e2a452d07c03-0d376ce6817042-e343166-2073600-16e2a452d08ab2%22%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%2216e2a452d07c03-0d376ce6817042-e343166-2073600-16e2a452d08ab2%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer_host%22%3A%22%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC_%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E6%89%93%E5%BC%80%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_source%22%3A%22baidu%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_medium%22%3A%22pinzhuan%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_campaign%22%3A%22sousuo%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_content%22%3A%22biaotimiaoshu%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_term%22%3A%22biaoti%22%7D%7D; _qzjc=1; _jzqa=1.941285633448461200.1572667207.1572671272.1582085116.3; _jzqc=1; _jzqckmp=1; _gid=GA1.2.1854019821.1582085121; Hm_lpvt_9152f8221cb6243a53c83b956842be8a=1582085295; _qzja=1.476033730.1572667206855.1572671272043.1582085116087.1582085134003.1582085295034.0.0.0.14.3; _qzjb=1.1582085116087.4.0.0.0; _qzjto=4.1.0; _jzqb=1.4.10.1582085116.1"
dic_cookies = {}
for i in cookies.split('; '):
dic_cookies[i.split("=")[0]] = i.split("=")[1]
myclient = pymongo.MongoClient("mongodb://localhost:27017/")
db = myclient['链家二手房_1']
datatable = db['data_1']
datatable2 = db['data_2']
datatable2.delete_many({})
urllst = url_extract(db,datatable,'链接')[:500]
ips_dic = get_proxies('HUBS6OW9L1YK7T4D','282C060B59B6BD58','http-dyn.abuyun.com','9020')
errorlst = []
count = 1
for u in urllst:
#print("程序正在休息......")
#time.sleep(3)
try:
get_data(u,dic_headers,dic_cookies,ips_dic, datatable2)
print(f'成功采集{count}条数据')
count += 1
except:
errorlst.append(u)
print('数据采集失败,网址为:',u)
输出结果为:(这里获取的网页url的多少取决最初存放到数据库中链接的个数,虽然我索引的是500条数据,但是在之前爬取的url只有300条,所以这里去掉一些无法获取的,最终获得了266条数据)
数据库的数据如下: