tensorflow入门(2)：编程基础（常量constant、变量Variable、占位符placeholder）

常量constant：constant_name = tf.constant(value)

import tensorflow as tf
node1 = tf.constant(3.0,tf.float32,name='node1')
node2 = tf.constant(4.0,tf.float32,name='node2')
node3 = tf.add(node1,node2)
print(node3)                        # Tensor("Add:0", shape=(), dtype=float32)
                                   
sess=tf.Session()
print(sess.run(node3))              # 7.0
sess.close()                        

 

变量Variable，需要初始化：

        name_Variable = tf.Variable(value, name)

        init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()

import tensorflow as tf
node1 = tf.Variable(3.0,tf.float32,name='node1')
node2 = tf.Variable(4.0,tf.float32,name='node2')
node3 = tf.add(node1,node2, name='add')
print(node3)                            # Tensor("Add:0", shape=(), dtype=float32)
 
sess=tf.Session()
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()    
sess.run(init)                          # 所有变量初始化

print(sess.run(node3))                  # 7.0
sess.close()                            

禁止更新：epoch = tf.Variable(0, name = 'epoch', trainable = False)

变量赋值：update_op = tf.assign(variable_to_be_updated, new_value)

e.g. 依次输出 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

import tensorflow as tf
value = tf.Variable(0, name='value')
one = tf.constant(1)
new_value = tf.add(value, one)
update_value = tf.assign(value, new_value)

init=tf.global_variables_initializer()

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    for _ in range(10):
        sess.run(update_value)
        print(sess.run(value),end=' ')          # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 

e.g. 计算1+2+3+...+10

import tensorflow as tf

value = tf.Variable(0, name='value')
sum_value = tf.Variable(0, name='sum_value')
one = tf.constant(1)
new_value = tf.add(value, one)
update_value = tf.assign(value, new_value)
newsum_value = tf.add(sum_value, value)
update_sum_value = tf.assign(sum_value, newsum_value)

init=tf.global_variables_initializer()

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    for _ in range(10):
        sess.run(update_value)
        sess.run(update_sum_value)
    print(sess.run(sum_value))                  # 55

 

占位符：tf.placeholder(dtype, shape = None, name = None)

多个操作可以通过一次feed_dict完成，一次可以返回多个值分别赋给多个变量。placeholder不需要初始化。

import tensorflow as tf

a = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='a')
b = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='b')
c = tf.multiply(a, b, name='c')
d = tf.subtract(a, b, name='d')

with tf.Session() as sess:
    result1 = sess.run(c, feed_dict={a:8, b:4.0})
    print(result1)                              # 32.0
    result2 = sess.run([c,d],feed_dict={a:[8.0, 2.0], b:[2., 1.5]})
    print(result2)                              # [array([16.,  3.], dtype=float32), array([6. , 0.5], dtype=float32)]
    print(result2[0])                           # [16.  3.]
    rc,rd = sess.run([c,d],feed_dict={a:[8.0, 2.0], b:[2., 1.5]})
    print('value of c=',rc,'value of d=',rd)    # value of c= [16.  3.] value of d= [6.  0.5]

 

以上。参考Mooc课程是吴明晖老师的《深度学习应用开发-TensorFlow实践》。