ffmpeg example演示教程 -VideoDecode

本人刚开始学习ffmpeg，写此博客作为笔记，也希望能帮助其他刚入门的童鞋！ffmpeg源码下载和编译本文就直接跳过，源码doc/example路径下有很多demo，可以为我们演示ffmpeg的api如何使用，对我们理解ffmpeg的api有很大帮助。本文将介绍decode_video.c如何编译使用。

代码主体框架：
1、根据Codec ID查找编码器（Codec）
2、根据编码器 ID查找解析器（Parse）。注：解析器用于解封装，解封装后的数据放到AVPacket中
3、根据Codec创建AVCodecContext。
4、循环读取输入文件，送入解析器解封装出AVPacket，然后再解码出AVFrame数据，再分别保存每一帧图像。
inputFile ----(解封装)–> AVPacket —(解码)—>AVFrame —（保存图像）–>文件名：FileName-FrameID.

注：针对视频文件，每一个Frame对应一帧图像。对比音频，每一个Frame可能对应多个帧。

decode_video.c代码如下所示，输入的视频像素格式为YUV420P，原始代码仅保存Y图像数据（黑白图像），我修改后的代码保存了YUV数据。

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Fabrice Bellard
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * @file
 * video decoding with libavcodec API example
 *
 * @example decode_video.c
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>

#define INBUF_SIZE 4096

static void pgm_save(unsigned char *buf[], int wrap[], int xsize, int ysize,
                     char *filename)
{
    FILE *f;
    int i;

    f = fopen(filename,"w");
    /* 这句代码可使得图片可直接被预览 */
    fprintf(f, "P5\n%d %d\n%d\n", xsize, ysize, 255);

	/* Save Y data */
    for (i = 0; (wrap[0]) && (i < ysize); i++)
        fwrite(buf[0] + i * wrap[0], 1, xsize, f);

	/* Save U(Cb) data */
    for (i = 0; (wrap[1]) && (i < ysize/2); i++)
        fwrite(buf[1] + i * wrap[1], 1, xsize / 2, f);

	/* Save V(Cr) data */
    for (i = 0; (wrap[2]) && (i < ysize/2); i++)
        fwrite(buf[2] + i * wrap[2], 1, xsize / 2, f);

    fclose(f);
}

static void decode(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt,
                   const char *filename)
{
    char buf[1024];
    int ret;

    ret = avcodec_send_packet(dec_ctx, pkt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error sending a packet for decoding\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    while (ret >= 0) {
        ret = avcodec_receive_frame(dec_ctx, frame);
        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
            return;
        else if (ret < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Error during decoding\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        printf("saving frame %3d\n", dec_ctx->frame_number);
        fflush(stdout);

		printf("+++++ FLC-DBG: format:%d, linesize[0]:%d, linesize[1]:%d, linesize[2]:%d +++++\n\n",
			frame->format, frame->linesize[0], frame->linesize[1], frame->linesize[2]);

        /* the picture is allocated by the decoder. no need to
           free it */
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s-%d", filename, dec_ctx->frame_number);
        pgm_save(frame->data, frame->linesize,
                 frame->width, frame->height, buf);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    const char *filename, *outfilename;
    const AVCodec *codec;
    AVCodecParserContext *parser;
    AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
    FILE *f;
    AVFrame *frame;
    uint8_t inbuf[INBUF_SIZE + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
    uint8_t *data;
    size_t   data_size;
    int ret;
    AVPacket *pkt;

    if (argc <= 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <input file> <output file>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(0);
    }
    filename    = argv[1];
    outfilename = argv[2];

    pkt = av_packet_alloc();
    if (!pkt)
        exit(1);

    /* set end of buffer to 0 (this ensures that no overreading happens for damaged MPEG streams) */
    memset(inbuf + INBUF_SIZE, 0, AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);

    /* find the MPEG-1 video decoder */
    codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
    if (!codec) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    parser = av_parser_init(codec->id);
    if (!parser) {
        fprintf(stderr, "parser not found\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
    if (!c) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* For some codecs, such as msmpeg4 and mpeg4, width and height
       MUST be initialized there because this information is not
       available in the bitstream. */

    /* open it */
    if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    f = fopen(filename, "rb");
    if (!f) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }

    frame = av_frame_alloc();
    if (!frame) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    while (!feof(f)) {
        /* read raw data from the input file */
        data_size = fread(inbuf, 1, INBUF_SIZE, f);
        if (!data_size)
            break;

        /* use the parser to split the data into frames */
        data = inbuf;
        while (data_size > 0) {
            ret = av_parser_parse2(parser, c, &pkt->data, &pkt->size,
                                   data, data_size, AV_NOPTS_VALUE, AV_NOPTS_VALUE, 0);
            if (ret < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Error while parsing\n");
                exit(1);
            }
            data      += ret;
            data_size -= ret;

			printf("+++++ FLC-DBG: pkg->size = %d +++++\n", pkt->size);

            if (pkt->size)
                decode(c, frame, pkt, outfilename);
        }
    }

    /* flush the decoder */
    decode(c, frame, NULL, outfilename);

    fclose(f);

    av_parser_close(parser);
    avcodec_free_context(&c);
    av_frame_free(&frame);
    av_packet_free(&pkt);

    return 0;
}

编译后的bin程序名称为decode_video。使用方法：
./decode_video ~/Videos/MyVideo.mpeg ~/Videos/frame
程序执行完成后，在~/Videos目录下会生成fram-1、frame-2、frame-3…等文件。可直接双击查看图片（注意代码中要有fprintf(f, "P5\n%d %d\n%d\n", xsize, ysize, 255);这句话）。如果按照上述代码保存了完整的YUV数据，也可以使用ffplay工具查看刚才的图像，比如：

ffplay -f rawvideo -video_size 1280x544 frame-1

工程以及视频资源下载地址如下：
https://download.csdn.net/download/lyy901135/11300573
注：需要修改Makefile中库和头文件的路径，指向你系统中的ffmpeg库和头文件。