第53课 被遗弃的多重继承（上）

本文内容来自于对狄泰学院 唐佐林老师 C++深度解析 课程的学习总结

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C++ 中的多重继承

C++ 支持编写 多重继承 的代码

一个子类可以 拥有多个父类
子类拥有 所有父类 的成员变量
子类继承 所有父类的 成员变量
子类对象可以 当作任意父类对象 使用

多重继承的语法规则：

多重继承的本质与单继承相同！

多重继承问题一

编程实验

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class BaseA
{
    int ma;
public:
    BaseA(int a)
    {
        ma = a;
    }
    int getA()
    {
        return ma;
    }
};

class BaseB
{
    int mb;
public:
    BaseB(int b)
    {
        mb = b;
    }
    int getB()
    {
        return mb;
    }
};

class Derived : public BaseA, public BaseB
{
    int mc;
public:
    Derived(int a, int b, int c) : BaseA(a), BaseB(b)
    {
        mc = c;
    }
    int getC()
    {
        return mc;
    }
    void print()
    {
        cout << "ma = " << getA() << ","
             << "mb = " << getB() << ","
             << "mc = " << getC() << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    cout << "sizeof(Derived) = " << sizeof(Derived) << endl;
    
    Derived d(1, 2, 3);

    d.print();

    cout << "d.getA() = " << d.getA() << endl;
    cout << "d.getB() = " << d.getB() << endl;
    cout << "d.getC() = " << d.getC() << endl;
    
    cout << endl;

    BaseA *pa = &d;
    BaseB *pb = &d;

    cout << "pa->getA() = " << pa->getA() << endl;
    cout << "pb->getB() = " << pb->getB() << endl;

    cout << endl;

    void *paa = pa;
    void *pbb = pb;

    if(paa == pbb)
    {
        cout << "pointer to the same object!" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "error " << endl;
    }

    cout << "pa = " << pa << endl;
    cout << "pb = " << pb << endl;

    cout << "paa = " << paa << endl;
    cout << "pbb = " << pbb << endl;

    return 0;
}

运行结果

实验结果，同样指向派生类对象d的不同父类指针的地址却不一样

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多重继承的问题二

实验代码

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class People
{
    string m_name;
    int m_age;
public:
    People(string name, int age)
    {
        m_name = name;
        m_age = age;
    }
    void print()
    {
        cout << "name = " << m_name << ","
             << "age = " << m_age << endl;
    }
};

class Teacher : virtual public People
{
public:
    Teacher(string name, int age) : People(name, age)
    {

    }
};

class Student : virtual public People
{
public:
    Student(string name, int age) : People(name, age)
    {

    }
};

class Doctor : public Teacher, public Student
{
public:
    Doctor(string name, int age) : Teacher(name+"1", age+1), Student(name+"2", age+2), People(name, age)
    {

    }
};

int main()
{
    Doctor d("Delphi", 25);
    d.print();

    return 0;
}

运行结果

虚继承 能够 解决数据冗余 问题
中间层父类 不再关心顶层父类的初始化
最终子类必须 直接调用顶层父类的构造函数

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小结

C++ 支持多重继承 的编程方式
多重继承 容易带来问题

• 可能出现 “同一个对象的地址不同” 的情况
• 虚继承可以解决 数据冗余 的问题
• 虚继承 使得架构设计可能出现问题