Linux pthread_join的使用注意

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pthread_join

在Linux中，新建的线程并不是在原先的进程中，而是系统通过一个系统调用clone()。该系统copy了一个和原先进程完全一样的进程，并在这个进程中执行线程函数。不过这个copy过程和fork不一样。 copy后的进程和原先的进程共享了所有的变量，运行环境。这样，原先进程中的变量变动在copy后的进程中便能体现出来。

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回收时子线程资源避免回收局部变量

正确回收方法一

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>


struct test_st
{
    int val;
    char str[10];
};
void *tid_cb(void *arg)
{
    struct test_st *tval;
    tval = malloc(sizeof(tval));
    tval->val = 100;
    strcpy(tval->str, "hello world");
    return (void *)tval;
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    int ret = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, tid_cb, NULL);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "pthread_create: %s\n", strerror(ret));
    }
    struct test_st *retval;
    ret = pthread_join(tid, (void **)&retval);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "pthread_join: %s\n", strerror(ret));
    }
    printf("child thread exit with val=%d,str=%s\n", retval->val, retval->str);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
    return 0;
}

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正确回收方法二

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

struct test_st
{
    int val;
    char str[10];
};
void *tid_cb(void *arg)
{
    struct test_st *tval = (struct test_st *)arg;
    tval = malloc(sizeof(tval));
    tval->val = 100;
    strcpy(tval->str, "hello world");
    return (void *)tval;
}

int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    struct test_st *retval;
    struct test_st arg;
    int ret = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, tid_cb, (void *)&arg);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "pthread_create: %s\n", strerror(ret));
    }
    ret = pthread_join(tid, (void **)&retval);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "pthread_join: %s\n", strerror(ret));
    }
    printf("child thread exit with val=%d,str=%s\n", retval->val, retval->str);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
    return 0;
}

输出：child thread exit with val=100,str=hello world

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错误写法：子线程中的局部变量作为回收值，此时会出现段错误

#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct test_st
{
    int val;
    char str[10];
};
void *tid_cb(void *arg)
{
    struct test_st *tval;
    tval = malloc(sizeof(tval));
    tval->val = 100;
    strcpy(tval->str, "hello world");
    return (void *)tval;
}
void *tid_cb1(void *arg){
    int pval=100;
    return (void*)pval;
}
int main()
{
    pthread_t tid;
    int ret = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, tid_cb1, NULL);
    //struct test_st *retval;
    int *retval;
    pthread_join(tid, (void **)&retval);
    //printf("child thread exit with val=%d,str=%s\n", retval->val, retval->str);
    printf("child thread exit with val=%d ",*retval);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
    return 0;
}