linux硬件信息及性能基础运维命令

一、磁盘
dd命令测试读写性能 if – in file of – out file

1）dd测试写性能

10-243-14-95:~ # time dd if=/dev/zero of=test.file bs=8k count=128000 oflag=direct,nonblock
dd: error writing 'test.file': No space left on device
121916+0 records in
121915+0 records out
998727680 bytes (999 MB, 952 MiB) copied, 97.6907 s, 10.2 MB/s

real	1m37.694s
user	0m0.201s
sys	0m3.930s

2）dd测试读性能

10-243-14-95:~ # dd if=test.file of=/dev/null bs=8k count=128000 iflag=direct,nonblock
121915+0 records in
121915+0 records out
998727680 bytes (999 MB, 952 MiB) copied, 46.7931 s, 21.3 MB/sif

3）pidstat查看读写的进程
kB_rd/s ：每秒从磁盘读取的KB
kB_wr/s :每秒写入磁盘KB
sort：-n 按数值比较，-r倒序，-k指定列，-t指定分隔符，-u去重

10-243-14-95:~ # pidstat -d | sort -nrk 4 |head  
11:21:46      UID       PID   kB_rd/s   kB_wr/s kB_ccwr/s iodelay  Command
11:21:10        0         1     35.87    522.13    100.04    4086  systemd
11:21:10     2100     41661     27.09     45.41      0.00    1092  gaussdb
11:21:10     2000      4753      8.62    291.22     40.78       0  java
11:21:10     2000     40819      4.73     12.28      0.23       0  java
11:21:10     2100     42875      0.19     32.77      0.00  688994  gaussdb

4）iostat查看所有磁盘读写的情况

10-243-14-95:~ # iostat 
Linux 4.12.14-122.71-default (10-243-14-95) 	07/25/22 	_x86_64_	(16 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
          19.83    0.14   10.62    0.22    0.00   69.19

Device             tps    kB_read/s    kB_wrtn/s    kB_read    kB_wrtn
vda               7.99         3.45        77.61   81288509 1827763640
vdb              55.76        65.68       752.37 1546773149 17717925940
vdc              20.44         9.92       301.61  233541792 7102781936da

查看单磁盘负载，每2秒打印一次，一共3次
iostat -p vda 2 3
5）查看磁盘基本信息

10-243-14-95:/srv/BigData # fdisk -lci

磁盘使用率

10-243-14-95:/srv/BigData # df -h

二、CPU

1）查看CPU平均负载

10-243-14-95:~ # uptime
 16:52pm  up 268 days 18:48,  1 user,  load average: 4.11, 4.69, 5.14

后面三个数值分别代表1/5/15分钟的平均活跃进程数

实时监控可以使用watch -d uptime

2）查看每个CPU的详细情况

10-243-14-95:~ # sar -P ALL 5 100
Linux 4.12.14-122.71-default (10-243-14-95) 	07/21/22 	_x86_64_	(16 CPU)

17:16:56        CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
17:17:01        all     16.36      0.00     17.88      0.03      0.00     65.73
17:17:01          0     16.70      0.00     18.09      0.00      0.00     65.21
17:17:01          1     15.80      0.00     19.60      0.00      0.00     64.60
……

3）查看CPU的整体占用

使用top命令，大写P可按CPU占用排序

top - 17:22:47 up 268 days, 19:18,  1 user,  load average: 3.05, 3.68, 4.22
Tasks: 527 total,   1 running, 526 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  8.4 us,  4.0 sy,  0.0 ni, 87.3 id,  0.1 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.2 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem:  65435036 total, 62627584 used,  2807452 free,  1790056 buffers
KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 used,        0 free. 15936216 cached Mem

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S   %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                                                                                   
40332 omm       20   0 2235412 135356  36080 S 66.556 0.207   0:02.01 java                                                                                                                                                                      
60106 omm       20   0 10.741g 1.313g  23244 S 16.887 2.103  40:20.45 java                                                                                                                                                                      
36251 root      20   0  100516  60460   2340 S  6.291 0.092  11561:09 statmon                                                                                                                                                                   
51869 omm       20   0 12.478g 1.922g  36332 S  2.980 3.080 239:19.15 java    

4）查看进程对CPU的占用详细信息

可以看出CPU占用是在用户态，系统态还是iowait

10-243-14-95:~ # pidstat -u 5 2
Linux 4.12.14-122.71-default (10-243-14-95) 	07/21/22 	_x86_64_	(16 CPU)

17:18:46      UID       PID    %usr %system  %guest   %wait    %CPU   CPU  Command
17:18:51        0      1319    5.17    0.00    0.00    0.20    5.17    13  diskmgtd
……
17:18:51     2000     41837   41.35    3.98    0.00    0.00   45.33     0  java
……

17:18:51      UID       PID    %usr %system  %guest   %wait    %CPU   CPU  Command
……
17:18:56     2000     41837  266.80   10.40    0.00    0.00  277.20     0  java
……
17:18:56     2000     60106   36.00    4.00    0.00    0.00   40.00    13  java

5）查看进程

ps -ef | grep 占用CPU大的进程号
10-243-14-95:~ # ps -ef | grep 60106 | grep -v grep
omm      60106 60104 20 14:01 ?        00:41:07 java -Dprocess.name=pmsd -Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -Xss256k -XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=echo [ERROR]: JVM OutMemory >> ……e/conf/pms com.omm.pms.PMSMain
6）查看CPU详细信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo
CPU数量
10-243-14-95:~ # cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor | wc -l

三、内存

1）查看内存整体使用

10-243-14-95:~ # free -h
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:           62G        60G       1.8G       5.6G       2.2G        14G
-/+ buffers/cache:        44G        18G
Swap:           0B         0B         0B

2）top 查看进程的资源占用

大写M，按内存占用倒序排列

10-243-14-95:~ # top
top - 13:54:56 up 272 days, 15:51,  1 user,  load average: 5.12, 6.61, 6.34
Tasks: 536 total,   2 running, 534 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
%Cpu(s):  8.1 us,  7.4 sy,  0.0 ni, 84.2 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.3 si,  0.0 st
KiB Mem:  65435036 total, 63538184 used,  1896852 free,  2276532 buffers
KiB Swap:        0 total,        0 used,        0 free. 14968292 cached Mem

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S   %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
 3189 omm       20   0 9918476 5.313g  37036 S  2.649 8.514 446:55.80 java                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
63102 omm       20   0 17.554g 4.373g  26636 S  1.987 7.007 140:30.04 java                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
40819 omm       20   0 15.678g 2.689g     20 S  0.331 4.308   1811:25 java                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
31363 omm       20   0 20.555g 1.943g  10756 S  0.331 3.114 609:12.30 java                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
51869 omm       20   0 12.579g 1.927g  26044 S  6.623 3.088 667:03.51 java                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
54273 omm       20   0 14.424g 1.772g   7080 S  0.000 2.840  36:25.52 java 
……  

3）添加swap空间

创建swap文件
dd if=/dev/zero of=/srv/swap bs=1M count=8192
设置为swap分区文件
mkswap /srv/swap
启用swap分区
swapon /srv/swap

10-243-14-95:/srv # echo '/srv/swap swap swap defaults 0 0' > /etc/fstab  # 永久启用

关闭
swapoff /srv/swap
4）查看内存基本信息

10-243-14-95:/srv/BigData # cat /proc/meminfo

四、网络

基本命令：ping、ifconfig、netstat等