Netty框架初识

@[TOC]netty实战

1. 背景

Netty使用有一段时间了，在项目生产环境中也得以实践，最近想回炉温故一下理论，健全自己的知识体系，怕时间长了遗忘，在此做个笔记。

2. 整体认识

2.1 定义

Netty提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具，可
以快速开发高性能、高可靠的网络服务器和客户端程序。
异步：我理解为不用等待。
事件驱动：我理解为读或写操作。

2.2 示例

编写一个简单的服务，客户端发送一个英文字符到服务端，服务端立马返回。

• netty版本

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.55.Final</version>
</dependency>

• 自定义handler

public class FirstHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    public static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FirstHandler.class);

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        log.info("服务端接收消息是：{}", msg);
        ctx.write(msg);
    }
	
    @Override
    public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
        ctx.flush();
    }
}

• 定义server

public class FirstServer {
    public static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FirstServer.class);
    private final String ip = "127.0.0.1";
    private final String port = "8001";

    public void init(){
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        ServerBootstrap bs = new ServerBootstrap();
        bs.group(bossGroup, workerGroup);
        bs.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
        bs.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>(){
            @Override
            protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception {
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                pipeline.addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO));
                pipeline.addLast(new FirstHandler());
            }
        });

        try {
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bs.bind(ip, Integer.parseInt(port)).sync();
            log.info("Netty Server 启动成功! Ip： " + channelFuture.channel().localAddress().toString() + " ! ");;

            channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

}

2.3 事件分析

启动上述服务端程序后，在命令行使用telnet 127.0.0.1 8001进行测试。操作如下：

• 打开命令行窗口后，输入telnet 127.0.0.1 8001回车，日志如下：

11:44:39.676 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x05468150, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:8469] REGISTERED
11:44:39.676 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x05468150, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:8469] ACTIVE

• 在命令行输入字符a

11:46:33.471 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x05468150, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:8469] READ: 1B
         +-------------------------------------------------+
         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 61                                              |a               |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
11:46:33.472 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO com.wniu.handler.FirstHandler - 服务端接收消息是：PooledUnsafeDirectByteBuf(ridx: 0, widx: 1, cap: 2048)
11:46:33.472 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x05468150, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:8469] WRITE: 1B
         +-------------------------------------------------+
         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 61                                              |a               |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
11:46:33.475 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x05468150, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:8469] READ COMPLETE
11:46:33.475 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x05468150, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:8469] FLUSH

• 关闭命令行窗口

11:48:58.595 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x4655d9ba, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:3761] READ COMPLETE
11:48:58.595 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x4655d9ba, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 - R:/127.0.0.1:3761] FLUSH
11:48:58.595 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x4655d9ba, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 ! R:/127.0.0.1:3761] INACTIVE
11:48:58.596 [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] INFO io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x4655d9ba, L:/127.0.0.1:8001 ! R:/127.0.0.1:3761] UNREGISTERED

• 事件状态变换流程

REGISTERED：Channel注册
ACTIVE：Channel激活
READ：从当前Channel读取消息
READ COMPLETE：消息读取完成
FLUSH：消息读取完成后发送
INACTIVE：Channel结束生命周期
UNREGISTERED：Channel注销

2.4 扩展

日志中打印a字符的ascii码值61（十六进制），如果传送中文消息将会怎样，是不是需要添加handler进行解码？下章进行验证。