HttpURLConnection发送接收Http请求

HttpURLConnection是JDK提供的用于发送接收Http请求的类。不需要要引入第三方jar包即可使用，支持http和https的发送方式。

发送https需要的前置信息初始化

private static SSLContext ctx             = null;
    private static HostnameVerifier verifier        = null;
    private static SSLSocketFactory socketFactory   = null;
    private static class DefaultTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
            return null;
        }
        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
                                       String authType) throws CertificateException {
        }
        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain,
                                       String authType) throws CertificateException {
        }
    }

    static {
        try {
            ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            ctx.init(new KeyManager[0], new TrustManager[] { new DefaultTrustManager() },
                    new SecureRandom());
            ctx.getClientSessionContext().setSessionTimeout(15);
            ctx.getClientSessionContext().setSessionCacheSize(1000);
            socketFactory = ctx.getSocketFactory();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        verifier = new HostnameVerifier() {
            public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
                return false;//默认认证不通过，进行证书校验。
            }
        };
    }

获取Connection：

private static HttpURLConnection getConnection(URL url, String method,
                                                   String ctype) throws IOException {
        HttpURLConnection conn = null;
        if ("https".equals(url.getProtocol())) {
            HttpsURLConnection connHttps = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connHttps.setSSLSocketFactory(socketFactory);
            connHttps.setHostnameVerifier(verifier);
            conn = connHttps;
        } else {
            conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        }

        conn.setRequestMethod(method);
        conn.setDoInput(true);
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        //设置请求头信息
        conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "text/xml,text/javascript,text/html");
        conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "");
        conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", ctype);
        return conn;
    }

解析返回值信息：

 private static String getResponseAsString(HttpURLConnection conn) throws IOException {
        String charset = getResponseCharset(conn.getContentType());
        InputStream es = conn.getErrorStream();
        if (es == null) {
            return getStreamAsString(conn.getInputStream(), charset);
        } else {
            String msg = getStreamAsString(es, charset);
            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(msg)) {
                throw new IOException(conn.getResponseCode() + ":" + conn.getResponseMessage());
            } else {
                throw new IOException(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    private static String getStreamAsString(InputStream stream, String charset) throws IOException {
        try {
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, charset));
            StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();

            char[] chars = new char[256];
            int count = 0;
            while ((count = reader.read(chars)) > 0) {
                writer.write(chars, 0, count);
            }

            return writer.toString();
        } finally {
            if (stream != null) {
                stream.close();
            }
        }
    }
    private static String getResponseCharset(String ctype) {
        String charset = "UTF-8";
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(ctype)) {
            String[] params = ctype.split(";");
            for (String param : params) {
                param = param.trim();
                if (param.startsWith("charset")) {
                    String[] pair = param.split("=", 2);
                    if (pair.length == 2) {
                        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(pair[1])) {
                            charset = pair[1].trim();
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        return charset;
    }

使用方式：

 URL url = new URL("http://xxx.com");
                HttpURLConnection conn = getConnection(url);
                os = conn.getOutputStream();
                //POST方式发送参数：param=key&param=key
                //GET方式直接在url后拼接参数即可
                os.write(params.getBytes());
                String response = getResponseAsString(loginConn);

HttpURLConnection还支持cookie传递：

 //在第一个请求结束后，获取cookie信息（一般是在登录操作之后）
 String cookie = conn1.getHeaderField("Set-Cookie");
 //在第二个请求发送之前，设置cookie
 conn2.setRequestProperty("Cookie", cookie);