第二课第三周 deeplaerning.ai编程实现

前面该课程关于tensorflow的具体函数填写已经不再细说,在本程序中,仅仅包含的是第二个关于用tensorflow实现一个图片手势判断的三层多分类神经网络,该次代码分为两个部分,第一部分是原有代码,存在文件tf_utils.py中,第二部分代码时编程作业的实现。

第一部分代码如下:

import h5py
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
import math

def load_dataset():
    train_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/train_signs.h5', "r")
    train_set_x_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_x"][:]) # your train set features
    train_set_y_orig = np.array(train_dataset["train_set_y"][:]) # your train set labels

    test_dataset = h5py.File('datasets/test_signs.h5', "r")
    test_set_x_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_x"][:]) # your test set features
    test_set_y_orig = np.array(test_dataset["test_set_y"][:]) # your test set labels

    classes = np.array(test_dataset["list_classes"][:]) # the list of classes

    train_set_y_orig = train_set_y_orig.reshape((1, train_set_y_orig.shape[0]))
    test_set_y_orig = test_set_y_orig.reshape((1, test_set_y_orig.shape[0]))

    return train_set_x_orig, train_set_y_orig, test_set_x_orig, test_set_y_orig, classes


def random_mini_batches(X, Y, mini_batch_size = 64, seed = 0):
    """
    Creates a list of random minibatches from (X, Y)

    Arguments:
    X -- input data, of shape (input size, number of examples)
    Y -- true "label" vector (containing 0 if cat, 1 if non-cat), of shape (1, number of examples)
    mini_batch_size - size of the mini-batches, integer
    seed -- this is only for the purpose of grading, so that you're "random minibatches are the same as ours.

    Returns:
    mini_batches -- list of synchronous (mini_batch_X, mini_batch_Y)
    """

    m = X.shape[1]                  # number of training examples
    mini_batches = []
    np.random.seed(seed)

    # Step 1: Shuffle (X, Y)
    permutation = list(np.random.permutation(m))
    shuffled_X = X[:, permutation]
    shuffled_Y = Y[:, permutation].reshape((Y.shape[0],m))

    # Step 2: Partition (shuffled_X, shuffled_Y). Minus the end case.
    num_complete_minibatches = math.floor(m/mini_batch_size) # number of mini batches of size mini_batch_size in your partitionning
    for k in range(0, num_complete_minibatches):
        mini_batch_X = shuffled_X[:, k * mini_batch_size : k * mini_batch_size + mini_batch_size]
        mini_batch_Y = shuffled_Y[:, k * mini_batch_size : k * mini_batch_size + mini_batch_size]
        mini_batch = (mini_batch_X, mini_batch_Y)
        mini_batches.append(mini_batch)

    # Handling the end case (last mini-batch < mini_batch_size)
    if m % mini_batch_size != 0:
        mini_batch_X = shuffled_X[:, num_complete_minibatches * mini_batch_size : m]
        mini_batch_Y = shuffled_Y[:, num_complete_minibatches * mini_batch_size : m]
        mini_batch = (mini_batch_X, mini_batch_Y)
        mini_batches.append(mini_batch)

    return mini_batches

def convert_to_one_hot(Y, C):
    Y = np.eye(C)[Y.reshape(-1)].T
    return Y


def predict(X, parameters):

    W1 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["W1"])
    b1 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["b1"])
    W2 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["W2"])
    b2 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["b2"])
    W3 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["W3"])
    b3 = tf.convert_to_tensor(parameters["b3"])

    params = {"W1": W1,
              "b1": b1,
              "W2": W2,
              "b2": b2,
              "W3": W3,
              "b3": b3}

    x = tf.placeholder("float", [12288, 1])

    z3 = forward_propagation_for_predict(x, params)
    p = tf.argmax(z3)

    sess = tf.Session()
    prediction = sess.run(p, feed_dict = {x: X})

    return prediction

def forward_propagation_for_predict(X, parameters):
    """
    Implements the forward propagation for the model: LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> SOFTMAX

    Arguments:
    X -- input dataset placeholder, of shape (input size, number of examples)
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters "W1", "b1", "W2", "b2", "W3", "b3"
                  the shapes are given in initialize_parameters

    Returns:
    Z3 -- the output of the last LINEAR unit
    """

    # Retrieve the parameters from the dictionary "parameters" 
    W1 = parameters['W1']
    b1 = parameters['b1']
    W2 = parameters['W2']
    b2 = parameters['b2']
    W3 = parameters['W3']
    b3 = parameters['b3'] 
                                                           # Numpy Equivalents:
    Z1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W1, X), b1)                      # Z1 = np.dot(W1, X) + b1
    A1 = tf.nn.relu(Z1)                                    # A1 = relu(Z1)
    Z2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W2, A1), b2)                     # Z2 = np.dot(W2, a1) + b2
    A2 = tf.nn.relu(Z2)                                    # A2 = relu(Z2)
    Z3 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W3, A2), b3)                     # Z3 = np.dot(W3,Z2) + b3

    return Z3

第二部分代码如下:

import math
import numpy as np
import h5py
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
from tf_utils import load_dataset, random_mini_batches, convert_to_one_hot, predict

#%matplotlib inline
np.random.seed(1)

X_train_orig, Y_train_orig, X_test_orig, Y_test_orig, classes = load_dataset()
# Flatten the training and test images
X_train_flatten = X_train_orig.reshape(X_train_orig.shape[0], -1).T
X_test_flatten = X_test_orig.reshape(X_test_orig.shape[0], -1).T
# Normalize image vectors
x_train = X_train_flatten/255.
x_test = X_test_flatten/255.
# Convert training and test labels to one hot matrices
y_train = convert_to_one_hot(Y_train_orig, 6)
y_test = convert_to_one_hot(Y_test_orig, 6)

print ("number of training examples = " + str(x_train.shape[1]))
print ("number of test examples = " + str(x_test.shape[1]))
print ("X_train shape: " + str(x_train.shape))
print ("Y_train shape: " + str(y_train.shape))
print ("X_test shape: " + str(x_test.shape))
print ("Y_test shape: " + str(y_test.shape))


def create_placeholders(n_x, n_y):
    """
    Creates the placeholders for the tensorflow session.

    Arguments:
    n_x -- scalar, size of an image vector (num_px * num_px = 64 * 64 * 3 = 12288)
    n_y -- scalar, number of classes (from 0 to 5, so -> 6)

    Returns:
    X -- placeholder for the data input, of shape [n_x, None] and dtype "float"
    Y -- placeholder for the input labels, of shape [n_y, None] and dtype "float"

    Tips:
    - You will use None because it let's us be flexible on the number of examples you will for the placeholders.
      In fact, the number of examples during test/train is different.
    """

    ### START CODE HERE ### (approx. 2 lines)
    X = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[n_x,None])
    Y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[n_y,None])

    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return X, Y

def initialize_parameters():
    """
    Initializes parameters to build a neural network with tensorflow. The shapes are:
                        W1 : [25, 12288]
                        b1 : [25, 1]
                        W2 : [12, 25]
                        b2 : [12, 1]
                        W3 : [6, 12]
                        b3 : [6, 1]

    Returns:
    parameters -- a dictionary of tensors containing W1, b1, W2, b2, W3, b3
    """

    tf.set_random_seed(1)                   # so that your "random" numbers match ours

    ### START CODE HERE ### (approx. 6 lines of code)
    #W1 = tf.get_variable("W1", [25,12288], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    W1 = tf.get_variable('W1', [25,12288], initializer = tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed = 1))
    b1 = tf.get_variable("b1",[25,1],initializer=tf.zeros_initializer())
    W2 = tf.get_variable("W2",[12,25],initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed=1))
    b2 = tf.get_variable("b2",[12,1],initializer=tf.zeros_initializer())
    W3 = tf.get_variable("W3",[6,12],initializer=tf.contrib.layers.xavier_initializer(seed=1))
    b3 = tf.get_variable("b3",[6,1],initializer=tf.zeros_initializer())
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    parameters = {"W1": W1,
                  "b1": b1,
                  "W2": W2,
                  "b2": b2,
                  "W3": W3,
                  "b3": b3}

    return parameters

# GRADED FUNCTION: forward_propagation

def forward_propagation(X, parameters):
    """
    Implements the forward propagation for the model: LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> RELU -> LINEAR -> SOFTMAX

    Arguments:
    X -- input dataset placeholder, of shape (input size, number of examples)
    parameters -- python dictionary containing your parameters "W1", "b1", "W2", "b2", "W3", "b3"
                  the shapes are given in initialize_parameters

    Returns:
    Z3 -- the output of the last LINEAR unit
    """

    # Retrieve the parameters from the dictionary "parameters" 
    W1 = parameters['W1']
    b1 = parameters['b1']
    W2 = parameters['W2']
    b2 = parameters['b2']
    W3 = parameters['W3']
    b3 = parameters['b3']

    ### START CODE HERE ### (approx. 5 lines)          # Numpy Equivalents:
    Z1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W1,X),b1)                                              # Z1 = np.dot(W1, X) + b1
    A1 = tf.nn.relu(Z1)                                            # A1 = relu(Z1)
    Z2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W2,A1),b2)                                              # Z2 = np.dot(W2, a1) + b2
    A2 = tf.nn.relu(Z2)                                             # A2 = relu(Z2)
    Z3 = tf.add(tf.matmul(W3,A2),b3)                                              # Z3 = np.dot(W3,Z2) + b3
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return Z3

def compute_cost(Z3, Y):
    """
    Computes the cost

    Arguments:
    Z3 -- output of forward propagation (output of the last LINEAR unit), of shape (6, number of examples)
    Y -- "true" labels vector placeholder, same shape as Z3

    Returns:
    cost - Tensor of the cost function
    """

    # to fit the tensorflow requirement for tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(...,...)  转置
    logits = tf.transpose(Z3)               #m * nL(num of classes )   [batch_size  num_classes]
    labels = tf.transpose(Y)                #m * nL( num of classes)   [batch_size  num_classes]

    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line of code)
    cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=logits,labels=labels))

    ### END CODE HERE ###

    return cost


def model(X_train, Y_train, X_test, Y_test, learning_rate = 0.0001,
          num_epochs = 1500, minibatch_size = 32, print_cost = True):
    """
    Implements a three-layer tensorflow neural network: LINEAR->RELU->LINEAR->RELU->LINEAR->SOFTMAX.

    Arguments:
    X_train -- training set, of shape (input size = 12288, number of training examples = 1080)
    Y_train -- test set, of shape (output size = 6, number of training examples = 1080)
    X_test -- training set, of shape (input size = 12288, number of training examples = 120)
    Y_test -- test set, of shape (output size = 6, number of test examples = 120)
    learning_rate -- learning rate of the optimization
    num_epochs -- number of epochs of the optimization loop
    minibatch_size -- size of a minibatch
    print_cost -- True to print the cost every 100 epochs

    Returns:
    parameters -- parameters learnt by the model. They can then be used to predict.
    """

    ops.reset_default_graph()                         # to be able to rerun the model without overwriting tf variables
    tf.set_random_seed(1)                             # to keep consistent results
    seed = 3                                          # to keep consistent results
    (n_x, m) = X_train.shape                          # (n_x: input size, m : number of examples in the train set)
    n_y = Y_train.shape[0]                            # n_y : output size
    costs = []                                        # To keep track of the cost

    # Create Placeholders of shape (n_x, n_y)
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    X, Y = create_placeholders(n_x, n_y)
    #mini_batch = tf.placeholder([n_x,n_y])

    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Initialize parameters
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    parameters = initialize_parameters()
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Forward propagation: Build the forward propagation in the tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    Z3 = forward_propagation(X,parameters)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Cost function: Add cost function to tensorflow graph
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    cost = compute_cost(Z3,Y)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Backpropagation: Define the tensorflow optimizer. Use an AdamOptimizer.
    ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
    optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(cost)
    ### END CODE HERE ###

    # Initialize all the variables
    init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

    # Start the session to compute the tensorflow graph
    with tf.Session() as sess:

        # Run the initialization
        sess.run(init)

        # Do the training loop
        for epoch in range(num_epochs):

            epoch_cost = 0.                       # Defines a cost related to an epoch
            num_minibatches = int(m / minibatch_size) # number of minibatches of size minibatch_size in the train set
            seed = seed + 1
            minibatches = random_mini_batches(X_train, Y_train, minibatch_size, seed)

            for minibatch in minibatches:

                # Select a minibatch
                (minibatch_X, minibatch_Y) = minibatch

                # IMPORTANT: The line that runs the graph on a minibatch.
                # Run the session to execute the "optimizer" and the "cost", the feedict should contain a minibatch for (X,Y).
                ### START CODE HERE ### (1 line)
                _ , minibatch_cost = sess.run([optimizer,cost],feed_dict={X:minibatch_X,Y:minibatch_Y})
                ### END CODE HERE ###

                epoch_cost += minibatch_cost / num_minibatches

            # Print the cost every epoch
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 100 == 0:
                print ("Cost after epoch %i: %f" % (epoch, epoch_cost))
            if print_cost == True and epoch % 5 == 0:
                costs.append(epoch_cost)

        # plot the cost
        plt.plot(np.squeeze(costs))
        plt.ylabel('cost')
        plt.xlabel('iterations (per tens)')
        plt.title("Learning rate =" + str(learning_rate))
        plt.show()

        # lets save the parameters in a variable
        parameters = sess.run(parameters)
        print ("Parameters have been trained!")

        # Calculate the correct predictions
        correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(Z3), tf.argmax(Y))

        # Calculate accuracy on the test set
        accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, "float"))

        print ("Train Accuracy:", accuracy.eval({X: X_train, Y: Y_train}))
        print ("Test Accuracy:", accuracy.eval({X: X_test, Y: Y_test}))

        return parameters

parameters = model(x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test)        

该图片描写随步数总loss下降趋势,以及最终训练和测试误差

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