Tomcat装载Servlet的三种情况
1.在Servlet容器启动后，客户首次向Servlet发送请求例如我的MyEclipse下有一个Web Project如下图所示:
现在里面的代码如下:
ServletTest1.java文件源代码:
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author huamanxi
* Tomcat装载Servlet的第一种情况:首次访问
*/
public class ServletTest1 extends HttpServlet {
public ServletTest1() {
System.out.println("ServletTest1的构造方法被执行...");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("ServletTest1的销毁方法被执行...");
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("ServletTest1的doGet()方法被执行...");
//注意在这里指定编码格式为utf-8,否则向浏览器输出中文时会产生乱码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
out.println("<h1>你好,我是ServletTest1</h1>");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("ServletTest1的doPost()方法被执行");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
out.println("<h1>你好,我是ServletTest1</h1>");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("ServletTest1的初始化方法被执行...");
}
}
index.jsp文件的源代码:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>Servlet生命周期</h1>
<hr>
<a href="servlet/ServletTest1">以Get方式请求ServletTest1</a>
This is my JSP page. <br>
</body>
</html>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>LoadServlet</display-name>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>ServletTest1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.ServletTest1</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletTest1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/ServletTest1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>在浏览器中的运行结果如下:
点击链接进去后:
MyEclipse的控制台内容:
2.Servlet容器启动时自动装载某些Servlet，实现它只需要在web.xml文件中的<Servlet></Servlet>之间
添加:<loadon-startup>1</loadon-start-up>里面的数字越小表示优先级越高
ServletTest2.java中的代码:
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* @author huamanxi
* Tomcat装载Servlet的第二种情况:Servlet容器启动时自动装载Servlet
* 这种情况下,这两个Servlet实例已经驻留在内存中,客户端并没有请求Servlet，但是在服务器启动时会自动装载
*/
public class ServletTest2 extends HttpServlet {
public ServletTest2() {
System.out.println("ServletTest2构造方法执行...");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("ServletTest2销毁方法执行...");
}
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("ServletTest2的doGet()方法被执行...");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
out.println("<h1>你好,我是ServletTest2</h1>");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("ServletTest2的doPost()方法被执行...");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
System.out.println("<h1>你好,我是ServletTest2</h1>");
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("ServletTest2的初始化方法被执行...");
}
}
然后在web.xml文件中加入下面两条代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>LoadServlet</display-name>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>ServletTest1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.ServletTest1</servlet-class>
<!-- 加入下面的语句 数字越大优先级越低 -->
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
<servlet-name>ServletTest2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.ServletTest2</servlet-class>
<!-- 加入下面的语句 数据越小优先级越高-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletTest1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/ServletTest1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ServletTest2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/servlet/ServletTest2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
控制台输出内容:
3.Servlet类文件被更新后，会重新装载Servlet
在修改之前记录.class文件的修改日期及时间，说明Tomcat容器重新装载了Servlet
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