什么是Hook,就是在一个已有的方法上加入一些钩子,使得在该方法执行前或执行后另在做一些额外的处理,那么Hook技巧有什么作用以及我们为什么需要使用它呢,事实上如果一个项目在设计架构时考虑的足够充分,模块抽象的足够合理,设计之初为以后的扩展预留了足够的接口,那么我们完全可以不需要Hook技巧。但恰恰架构人员在项目设计之初往往没办法想的足够的深远,使得后续在扩展时深圳面临重构的痛苦,这时Hook技巧似乎可以为我们带来一记缓兵之计,通过对旧的架构进行加钩子来满足新的扩展需求。
钩子函数、注册函数、回调函数,他们的概念其实是一样的。
钩子函数,顾名思义,就是把我们自己实现的hook函数在某一时刻挂接到目标挂载点上。
- hook函数,就是我们自己实现的函数,函数类型与挂载点匹配(返回值,参数列表)
- 挂接,也就是hook或者叫注册(register),使得hook函数对目标可用
- 目标挂载点,也就是挂我们hook函数的地方(我们想在这个目标点实现我们自己的功能)
先看一张图:
import time
class LazyPerson(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
self.watch_tv_func = None
self.have_dinner_func = None
def get_up(self):
print("%s get up at:%s" % (self.name, time.time()))
def go_to_sleep(self):
print("%s go to sleep at:%s" % (self.name, time.time()))
def register_tv_hook(self, watch_tv_func):
self.watch_tv_func = watch_tv_func
def register_dinner_hook(self, have_dinner_func):
self.have_dinner_func = have_dinner_func
def enjoy_a_lazy_day(self):
# get up
self.get_up()
time.sleep(3)
# watch tv
# check the watch_tv_func(hooked or unhooked)
# hooked
if self.watch_tv_func is not None:
self.watch_tv_func(self.name)
# unhooked
else:
print("no tv to watch")
time.sleep(3)
# have dinner
# check the have_dinner_func(hooked or unhooked)
# hooked
if self.have_dinner_func is not None:
self.have_dinner_func(self.name)
# unhooked
else:
print("nothing to eat at dinner")
time.sleep(3)
self.go_to_sleep()
def watch_daydayup(name):
print("%s : The program ---day day up--- is funny!!!" % name)
def watch_happyfamily(name):
print("%s : The program ---happy family--- is boring!!!" % name)
def eat_meat(name):
print("%s : The meat is nice!!!" % name)
def eat_hamburger(name):
print("%s : The hamburger is not so bad!!!" % name)
if __name__ == "__main__":
lazy_tom = LazyPerson("Tom")
lazy_jerry = LazyPerson("Jerry")
print("register hook")
lazy_tom.register_tv_hook(watch_daydayup)
lazy_tom.register_dinner_hook(eat_meat)
lazy_jerry.register_tv_hook(watch_happyfamily)
lazy_jerry.register_dinner_hook(eat_hamburger)
# enjoy a day
print("enjoy a da hook")
lazy_tom.enjoy_a_lazy_day()
lazy_jerry.enjoy_a_lazy_day()
参考文章:
- https://blog.csdn.net/mybigkid/article/details/78383898