当我们需要频繁的创建多个线程进行耗时操作时,每次通过new Thread实现并不是一个好的方式,每次new Thred新建和销毁对象性能较差,线程缺乏管理,并不能充分利用每一个线程,可能无限制新建线程,相互之间竞争,可能占用过多系统资源导致死锁,并且缺乏定时执行、定期执行、线程中断等功能。
java提供了四种线程池,他能够有效的管理、调度线程,避免过多的资源消耗。线程池的有点有以下几点:
1)重用存在的线程,减少对象创建销毁的开销。
2)可有效的控制最大并发线程数,提高系统资源的使用率,同时避免过多资源竞争,避免堵塞。
3)提供定时执行、定期执行、单线程、并发数控制等功能。
线程池都实现了ExecutorService接口,该接口定义了线程池需要实现的接口,如submit、execute、shutdown等。它的实现由ThreadPoolExecutor和ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor,ThreadPoolExecutor也就是我们运用最多的线程池实现,ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor则用于周期性的执行任务。同常我们并不会直接new的形式创建线程池,因为创建参数过程相对复杂,我们通常通过Executors工厂类来简化这个过程。
public class Executors {
/**
* Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads
* operating off a shared unbounded queue. At any point, at most
* <tt>nThreads</tt> threads will be active processing tasks.
* If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active,
* they will wait in the queue until a thread is available.
* If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution
* prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to
* execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will exist
* until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown shutdown}.
*
* @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool
* @return the newly created thread pool
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>nThreads <= 0</tt>
*/
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads
* operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided
* ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. At any point,
* at most <tt>nThreads</tt> threads will be active processing
* tasks. If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are
* active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is
* available. If any thread terminates due to a failure during
* execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if
* needed to execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will
* exist until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown
* shutdown}.
*
* @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads
* @return the newly created thread pool
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>nThreads <= 0</tt>
*/
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
}
/**
* Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating
* off an unbounded queue. (Note however that if this single
* thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to
* shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute
* subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute
* sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any
* given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent
* <tt>newFixedThreadPool(1)</tt> the returned executor is
* guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.
*
* @return the newly created single-threaded Executor
*/
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
/**
* Creates an Executor that uses a single worker thread operating
* off an unbounded queue, and uses the provided ThreadFactory to
* create a new thread when needed. Unlike the otherwise
* equivalent <tt>newFixedThreadPool(1, threadFactory)</tt> the
* returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use
* additional threads.
*
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new
* threads
*
* @return the newly created single-threaded Executor
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
*/
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory));
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but
* will reuse previously constructed threads when they are
* available. These pools will typically improve the performance
* of programs that execute many short-lived asynchronous tasks.
* Calls to <tt>execute</tt> will reuse previously constructed
* threads if available. If no existing thread is available, a new
* thread will be created and added to the pool. Threads that have
* not been used for sixty seconds are terminated and removed from
* the cache. Thus, a pool that remains idle for long enough will
* not consume any resources. Note that pools with similar
* properties but different details (for example, timeout parameters)
* may be created using {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} constructors.
*
* @return the newly created thread pool
*/
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but
* will reuse previously constructed threads when they are
* available, and uses the provided
* ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads
* @return the newly created thread pool
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
*/
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
}
/**
* Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands
* to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.
* (Note however that if this single
* thread terminates due to a failure during execution prior to
* shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to execute
* subsequent tasks.) Tasks are guaranteed to execute
* sequentially, and no more than one task will be active at any
* given time. Unlike the otherwise equivalent
* <tt>newScheduledThreadPool(1)</tt> the returned executor is
* guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to use additional threads.
* @return the newly created scheduled executor
*/
public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor() {
return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService
(new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1));
}
/**
* Creates a single-threaded executor that can schedule commands
* to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically. (Note
* however that if this single thread terminates due to a failure
* during execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its
* place if needed to execute subsequent tasks.) Tasks are
* guaranteed to execute sequentially, and no more than one task
* will be active at any given time. Unlike the otherwise
* equivalent <tt>newScheduledThreadPool(1, threadFactory)</tt>
* the returned executor is guaranteed not to be reconfigurable to
* use additional threads.
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new
* threads
* @return a newly created scheduled executor
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
*/
public static ScheduledExecutorService newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService
(new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1, threadFactory));
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a
* given delay, or to execute periodically.
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
* even if they are idle.
* @return a newly created scheduled thread pool
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>corePoolSize < 0</tt>
*/
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a
* given delay, or to execute periodically.
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
* even if they are idle.
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
* creates a new thread.
* @return a newly created scheduled thread pool
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <tt>corePoolSize < 0</tt>
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
*/
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(
int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
}
/**
* Returns an object that delegates all defined {@link
* ExecutorService} methods to the given executor, but not any
* other methods that might otherwise be accessible using
* casts. This provides a way to safely "freeze" configuration and
* disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.
* @param executor the underlying implementation
* @return an <tt>ExecutorService</tt> instance
* @throws NullPointerException if executor null
*/
public static ExecutorService unconfigurableExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
if (executor == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new DelegatedExecutorService(executor);
}
/**
* Returns an object that delegates all defined {@link
* ScheduledExecutorService} methods to the given executor, but
* not any other methods that might otherwise be accessible using
* casts. This provides a way to safely "freeze" configuration and
* disallow tuning of a given concrete implementation.
* @param executor the underlying implementation
* @return a <tt>ScheduledExecutorService</tt> instance
* @throws NullPointerException if executor null
*/
public static ScheduledExecutorService unconfigurableScheduledExecutorService(ScheduledExecutorService executor) {
if (executor == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new DelegatedScheduledExecutorService(executor);
}
/**
* Returns a default thread factory used to create new threads.
* This factory creates all new threads used by an Executor in the
* same {@link ThreadGroup}. If there is a {@link
* java.lang.SecurityManager}, it uses the group of {@link
* System#getSecurityManager}, else the group of the thread
* invoking this <tt>defaultThreadFactory</tt> method. Each new
* thread is created as a non-daemon thread with priority set to
* the smaller of <tt>Thread.NORM_PRIORITY</tt> and the maximum
* priority permitted in the thread group. New threads have names
* accessible via {@link Thread#getName} of
* <em>pool-N-thread-M</em>, where <em>N</em> is the sequence
* number of this factory, and <em>M</em> is the sequence number
* of the thread created by this factory.
* @return a thread factory
*/
public static ThreadFactory defaultThreadFactory() {
return new DefaultThreadFactory();
}
/**
* Returns a thread factory used to create new threads that
* have the same permissions as the current thread.
* This factory creates threads with the same settings as {@link
* Executors#defaultThreadFactory}, additionally setting the
* AccessControlContext and contextClassLoader of new threads to
* be the same as the thread invoking this
* <tt>privilegedThreadFactory</tt> method. A new
* <tt>privilegedThreadFactory</tt> can be created within an
* {@link AccessController#doPrivileged} action setting the
* current thread's access control context to create threads with
* the selected permission settings holding within that action.
*
* <p> Note that while tasks running within such threads will have
* the same access control and class loader settings as the
* current thread, they need not have the same {@link
* java.lang.ThreadLocal} or {@link
* java.lang.InheritableThreadLocal} values. If necessary,
* particular values of thread locals can be set or reset before
* any task runs in {@link ThreadPoolExecutor} subclasses using
* {@link ThreadPoolExecutor#beforeExecute}. Also, if it is
* necessary to initialize worker threads to have the same
* InheritableThreadLocal settings as some other designated
* thread, you can create a custom ThreadFactory in which that
* thread waits for and services requests to create others that
* will inherit its values.
*
* @return a thread factory
* @throws AccessControlException if the current access control
* context does not have permission to both get and set context
* class loader.
*/
public static ThreadFactory privilegedThreadFactory() {
return new PrivilegedThreadFactory();
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Callable} object that, when
* called, runs the given task and returns the given result. This
* can be useful when applying methods requiring a
* <tt>Callable</tt> to an otherwise resultless action.
* @param task the task to run
* @param result the result to return
* @return a callable object
* @throws NullPointerException if task null
*/
public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result) {
if (task == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result);
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Callable} object that, when
* called, runs the given task and returns <tt>null</tt>.
* @param task the task to run
* @return a callable object
* @throws NullPointerException if task null
*/
public static Callable<Object> callable(Runnable task) {
if (task == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new RunnableAdapter<Object>(task, null);
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Callable} object that, when
* called, runs the given privileged action and returns its result.
* @param action the privileged action to run
* @return a callable object
* @throws NullPointerException if action null
*/
public static Callable<Object> callable(final PrivilegedAction<?> action) {
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new Callable<Object>() {
public Object call() { return action.run(); }};
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Callable} object that, when
* called, runs the given privileged exception action and returns
* its result.
* @param action the privileged exception action to run
* @return a callable object
* @throws NullPointerException if action null
*/
public static Callable<Object> callable(final PrivilegedExceptionAction<?> action) {
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new Callable<Object>() {
public Object call() throws Exception { return action.run(); }};
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Callable} object that will, when
* called, execute the given <tt>callable</tt> under the current
* access control context. This method should normally be
* invoked within an {@link AccessController#doPrivileged} action
* to create callables that will, if possible, execute under the
* selected permission settings holding within that action; or if
* not possible, throw an associated {@link
* AccessControlException}.
* @param callable the underlying task
* @return a callable object
* @throws NullPointerException if callable null
*
*/
public static <T> Callable<T> privilegedCallable(Callable<T> callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new PrivilegedCallable<T>(callable);
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Callable} object that will, when
* called, execute the given <tt>callable</tt> under the current
* access control context, with the current context class loader
* as the context class loader. This method should normally be
* invoked within an {@link AccessController#doPrivileged} action
* to create callables that will, if possible, execute under the
* selected permission settings holding within that action; or if
* not possible, throw an associated {@link
* AccessControlException}.
* @param callable the underlying task
*
* @return a callable object
* @throws NullPointerException if callable null
* @throws AccessControlException if the current access control
* context does not have permission to both set and get context
* class loader.
*/
public static <T> Callable<T> privilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader(Callable<T> callable) {
if (callable == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return new PrivilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader<T>(callable);
}
// Non-public classes supporting the public methods
/**
* A callable that runs given task and returns given result
*/
static final class RunnableAdapter<T> implements Callable<T> {
final Runnable task;
final T result;
RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) {
this.task = task;
this.result = result;
}
public T call() {
task.run();
return result;
}
}
/**
* A callable that runs under established access control settings
*/
static final class PrivilegedCallable<T> implements Callable<T> {
private final AccessControlContext acc;
private final Callable<T> task;
private T result;
private Exception exception;
PrivilegedCallable(Callable<T> task) {
this.task = task;
this.acc = AccessController.getContext();
}
public T call() throws Exception {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<T>() {
public T run() {
try {
result = task.call();
} catch (Exception ex) {
exception = ex;
}
return null;
}
}, acc);
if (exception != null)
throw exception;
else
return result;
}
}
/**
* A callable that runs under established access control settings and
* current ClassLoader
*/
static final class PrivilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader<T> implements Callable<T> {
private final ClassLoader ccl;
private final AccessControlContext acc;
private final Callable<T> task;
private T result;
private Exception exception;
PrivilegedCallableUsingCurrentClassLoader(Callable<T> task) {
this.task = task;
this.ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
this.acc = AccessController.getContext();
acc.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getContextClassLoader"));
acc.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader"));
}
public T call() throws Exception {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<T>() {
public T run() {
ClassLoader savedcl = null;
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
try {
ClassLoader cl = t.getContextClassLoader();
if (ccl != cl) {
t.setContextClassLoader(ccl);
savedcl = cl;
}
result = task.call();
} catch (Exception ex) {
exception = ex;
} finally {
if (savedcl != null)
t.setContextClassLoader(savedcl);
}
return null;
}
}, acc);
if (exception != null)
throw exception;
else
return result;
}
}
/**
* The default thread factory
*/
static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
final ThreadGroup group;
final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
final String namePrefix;
DefaultThreadFactory() {
SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
group = (s != null)? s.getThreadGroup() :
Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
namePrefix = "pool-" +
poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
"-thread-";
}
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
0);
if (t.isDaemon())
t.setDaemon(false);
if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
return t;
}
}
/**
* Thread factory capturing access control and class loader
*/
static class PrivilegedThreadFactory extends DefaultThreadFactory {
private final ClassLoader ccl;
private final AccessControlContext acc;
PrivilegedThreadFactory() {
super();
this.ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
this.acc = AccessController.getContext();
acc.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader"));
}
public Thread newThread(final Runnable r) {
return super.newThread(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
public Object run() {
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(ccl);
r.run();
return null;
}
}, acc);
}
});
}
}
/**
* A wrapper class that exposes only the ExecutorService methods
* of an ExecutorService implementation.
*/
static class DelegatedExecutorService extends AbstractExecutorService {
private final ExecutorService e;
DelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) { e = executor; }
public void execute(Runnable command) { e.execute(command); }
public void shutdown() { e.shutdown(); }
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() { return e.shutdownNow(); }
public boolean isShutdown() { return e.isShutdown(); }
public boolean isTerminated() { return e.isTerminated(); }
public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return e.awaitTermination(timeout, unit);
}
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
return e.submit(task);
}
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
return e.submit(task);
}
public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
return e.submit(task, result);
}
public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
throws InterruptedException {
return e.invokeAll(tasks);
}
public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return e.invokeAll(tasks, timeout, unit);
}
public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
return e.invokeAny(tasks);
}
public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
return e.invokeAny(tasks, timeout, unit);
}
}
static class FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
extends DelegatedExecutorService {
FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
super(executor);
}
protected void finalize() {
super.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* A wrapper class that exposes only the ScheduledExecutorService
* methods of a ScheduledExecutorService implementation.
*/
static class DelegatedScheduledExecutorService
extends DelegatedExecutorService
implements ScheduledExecutorService {
private final ScheduledExecutorService e;
DelegatedScheduledExecutorService(ScheduledExecutorService executor) {
super(executor);
e = executor;
}
public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
return e.schedule(command, delay, unit);
}
public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(Callable<V> callable, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
return e.schedule(callable, delay, unit);
}
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long period, TimeUnit unit) {
return e.scheduleAtFixedRate(command, initialDelay, period, unit);
}
public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
return e.scheduleWithFixedDelay(command, initialDelay, delay, unit);
}
}
/** Cannot instantiate. */
private Executors() {}
}
启动指定数量的线程---------ThreadPoolExecutor
ThreadPoolExecutor是线程池的实现之一,他的功能是启动指定数量的线程以及将任务添加到一个队列中,并且将任务分发给空闲线程。ExecutorService的生命周期包括三种状态:运行、关闭、终止。创建后便进入运行状态,当调用了shutdown()方法时便进入关闭状态,此时意味着ExecutorService不再接受新的任务,但它还在执行已经提交了得任务。当所有已经提交了得任务完成后,就变成终止状态。
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize
long keepAliveTime
TimeUnit unit
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue
ThreadFactory threadFactory
RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
参数说明:
corePoolSize:线程池中所保存的核心线程数。线程池启动后默认是空的,只有任务来临时才会创建线程以处理请求。prestarAllCoreThreads方法可以在线程池启动后即启动所有核心线程以等待任务。
maximumPoolSize:线程池允许创建的最大线程数。当workQueue使用无界队列时(如LinkBlockingQueue),则此参数无效。它与corePoolSize的作用是调整“线程池中实际运行的线程的数量”。例如,当新任务提交给线程池时,如果线程池中运行的线程数量小于corePoolSize,则创建新线城来处理请求;如果此时线程池中运行的线程数量大于corePoolSize但是却小于maximumPoolSize,则仅当阻塞队列(workQueue)满时才创建新线程。如果设置的corePoolSize等于maximumPoolSize则创建了固定大小的线程池。如果将maximumPoolSize设置为基本的无界值(如Integer.MAX_VALUE),则允许线程池适应任意数量的并发任务。
keepAliveTime:当前线程池线程总数大于核心线程时,终止多余的空闲线程的时间
Unit :keepAliveTime的时间单位,可选分、毫秒、秒
workQueue:任务队列,如果当前线程达到核心线程数,且当前所有线程都处于活跃状态时,将新加入的任务放入此队列
threadFactory:线程工厂,让用户可以定制线程的创建过程,通常不需要设置
Handler:拒绝策略,当线程池与workQueue队列都满了的情况下,对新加任务采取的处理策略
其中的workQueue有下列几个常用实现。
1)ArrayBlockingQueue:基于数组结构的有界队列,此队列按FIFO(先进先出)原则对任务进行排序。如果此队列满了还有任务进来,则调用拒绝策略。
2)LinkedBlockingQueue:基于链表结构的无界队列,此队列按FIFO原则对任务进行排序。因为他是无界的,根本不会满,所以采用此队列后线程池将忽略拒绝策略(handler)参数,同时还将忽略最大线程数maximumPoolSize参数
3)SynchronousQueue:直接将任务提交給线程而不是将他加入到队列,实际上此队列是空的。每个插入的操作必须等到另一个调用移除的操作;如果新任务来了线程池没有任何可用线程处理的话则调用拒绝策略。其实要是把maximumPoolSize设置成无界的,加上此队列,就等同于Executors.newCachedThreadPool()。
4)PriorityBlockingQueue:具有优先级的有界队列,可以自定义优先级,默认是按自然排序。
当线程池和workQueue队列都满了的情况下,对新加任务采取的处理策略的默认实现。
1)AbortPolicy:拒绝任务,抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。线程池的默认策略。
2)CallRunsPolicy:拒绝新任务被加入,如果该线程池好没有被关闭,那么将这个新任务执行在调用线程中
3)DiscardOldestPolicy:如果执行程序尚未被关闭,则位于工作队列头部的任务将被删除,然后重试执行程序(如果失败,重复此过程)。这样的结果是最后加入的任务反而有可能被执行,先加入的都被删除了。
4)DiscardPolicy:加不进的任务都被抛弃了,同时没有异常抛出
定时执行一些任务——————ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
在某些情况下,我们可能需要定时执行一些任务,此时可以通过ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor来实现。我们只需要通过Executoes的newScheduledThreadPool函数即可创建定时执行任务的线程池。
在具有N个处理器的机器上,线程池具有N或N+1个线程时一般会会获得最大cpu利用率