设计模式-观察者模式

别名：发布-订阅模式

定义了多个订阅者监听某个发布者的一对多依赖关系，当发布者发布消息时订阅者会被通知并自主处理状态变化。

看代码
我们先定义 Subject 和 Observer

public interface Observer {
    void update(Object obj);
}

public abstract class Subject {

    private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();

    public void addOb(Observer ob){
        observers.add(ob);
    }

    public void removeOb(Observer ob){
        observers.remove(ob);
    }

    public void notifyObs(Object obj){
        observers.forEach(observer -> observer.update(obj));
    }
}

比如疫情期间，娱乐设施是否营业需要遵循政府的规定
在这个例子中政府就是发布方

public class Government extends Subject {

    private boolean canBusiness = true;

    public void startBusiness(){
        this.canBusiness = true;
        notifyObs(canBusiness);
    }

    public void closeBusiness(){
        this.canBusiness = false;
        notifyObs(canBusiness);
    }
}

而订阅者就是娱乐场馆

public class Entertainment implements Observer {
    @Override
    public void update(Object obj) {
        boolean msg = (boolean) obj;
        if (msg) {
            System.out.println("开始营业");
        } else {
            System.out.println("暂停营业");
        }
    }
}

这样娱乐场馆就可以自动处理政府发布的政令了

public class Ordain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Government government = new Government();
        Observer entertainment = new Entertainment();

        government.addOb(entertainment);

        government.closeBusiness();
        government.startBusiness();
    }
}

观察者模式可以将发布者与订阅者解耦，变化与迭代都更加的灵活