常用功能:【include<string>】
- 复制
- 连接
- 查找字符和子字符串
- 截短
- 使用标准模板库提供的算法实现字符串发转和大小写转换
【如果编写程序需要更好的支持非拉丁文,例如中文,则应当使用std::wstring,两者使用同一模板类,故使用方法一致!】
复制
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
/* 初始化字符串 */
const char* constCStyleString = "Hello String";
std::string strFromConst(constCStyleString);
std::cout << strFromConst << std::endl;
/* 第一种拷贝方式 */
std::string copy1 = strFromConst;
std::cout << copy1 << std::endl;
/* 第二种拷贝方式 */
std::string copy2 (strFromConst);
std::cout << copy2 << std::endl;
/* 使用迭代器访问字符内容 */
std::string::const_iterator charLocator;
for(auto charLocator = strFromConst.cbegin();
charLocator != strFromConst.cend();
++charLocator){
std::cout << *charLocator << std::endl;
}
/* 【此处应当注意,auto遵循的是c++11标准】 */
return 0;
}
连接
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string sampleString1("Hello");
std::string sampleString2("String!");
std::cout << sampleString1 + sampleString2 << std::endl;
std::string sampleString3;
sampleString3 = sampleString1.append(sampleString2);
std::cout << sampleString3 << std::endl;
return 0;
}
在string 中查找字符或子字符串
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main() {
std::string sampleString("Hello String");
size_t pos;
pos = sampleString.find('String');
if(pos != std::string::npos){
std::cout << pos << std::endl;
} else{
std::cout << "not found" << std::endl;
}
/* 11 */
std::string sampleString2("Hello String");
size_t pos2 = sampleString2.find_first_not_of('H');
size_t pos3 = sampleString2.find_first_not_of('h');
std::cout << pos2 << std::endl; /* 1 */
std::cout << pos3 << std::endl; /* 0 */
std::string sampleString3("Hello String");
size_t pos4 = sampleString3.find_last_not_of('g');
size_t pos5 = sampleString3.find_last_not_of('G');
std::cout << pos4 << std::endl; /* 10 */
std::cout << pos5 << std::endl; /* 11 */
return 0;
}
截断
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
int main() {
std::string sampleStr("Hello String! Wake up to a beautiful day!");
// sampleStr.erase(13, 28);
/* 第一个参数:偏移长度; 第二个参数:删除长度,默认则后面全部删除 */
// sampleStr.erase(sampleStr.begin(), sampleStr.end());
std::string::iterator charLocator = find(sampleStr.begin(), sampleStr.end(), 'S');
/* 若不存在该字符,则会清空字符串,所以最好增加判断 */
if(charLocator != sampleStr.end()){
sampleStr.erase(charLocator);
} else{
std::cout << "not found" << std::endl;
}
std::cout << sampleStr << std::endl;
return 0;
}
字符串反转
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
int main() {
std::string str("Hello String!");
std::cout << str << std::endl;
// Hello String!
std::reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
std::cout << str << std::endl;
std::reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
// !gnirtS olleH
std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), ::toupper);
std::cout << str << std::endl;
// HELLO STRING!
std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), ::tolower);
std::cout << str << std::endl;
// hello string!
return 0;
}