spring框架提供了若干类型的注解,加上注解的类会被spring容器管理,主要的注解包括如下:
@Component
标注于通用实体类
@Controller
标注于Controller/Action
@Service
标注于Service
@Respository
标注于RespositoryImpl/DaoImlp
@Autowired
依据类型自动装配
@Qualifier
指定自动装载的bean的name
下面以一个实例来说明如何使用注解。1 新建User类如下:
package com.gm.spring_test;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class User {
private int age;
private String name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [name = " + name + ", age = " + age + "]";
}
public User() {
this.name = "gongmin";
this.age = 22;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
注意:spring容器会调用默认的构造函数来创建类的实例。
2 修改配置文件spring-conf.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gm.spring_test">
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
注意:需要增加context命名空间,然后通过context:component-scan中的base-package属性设置spring搜索的包名,spring将会搜索base-package指定的包名中的所有类,并管理这些类。
3 使用bean:
package com.gm.spring_test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class AppMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-conf.xml");
User user1 = (User) context.getBean("user");
User user2 = (User) context.getBean("user");
if (user1 == user2) {
System.out.println("user1 == user2");
} else {
System.out.println("user1 != user2");
}
}
}
user1 == user2