Effective C++条款33 避免遮掩继承而来的名字

名称遮掩

int x = 20;
 
void someFunc()
{
    double x = 10.0; 
    std::cout << x;
]

如上操作，函数打印结果是10.0还是20呢？是10.0。因为代码访问顺序是这样的，当需要变量x，现在someFun()函数里找，找不到x，再全局找x。本例：double x遮掩了int x

继承中的名称遮掩

• Derived类的调用作用域顺序

class Base
{
public:
    virtual void mf2();
};
 
class Derived :public Base
{
public:
    void mf4(){
        fm2(); //调用基类中的fm2
    }
};

mf4()再函数内查找fm2----在Derived类查找fm2()------ 在Base类查找mf2()

• 隐藏基类函数的情形

#include <iostream>
class Base
{
private:
    int x;
public:
    virtual void mf1() = 0;
    virtual void mf1(int);
    virtual void mf2();
    void mf3();
    void mf3(double);
};
 
class Derived :public Base
{
public:
    virtual void mf1();
    void mf3();
    void mf4();
};
int main()
{
    Derived d;
    int x = 10;
    
    d.mf1();  //正确
    d.mf1(x); //错误，Base::fm1(int)被隐藏了
    
    d.mf2();  //正确
    
    d.mf3();  //正确
    d.mf3(x); //错误，Base::mf3(double)被隐藏了
    return 0;
}

• 可在Derived类加上using Base, 让Base类的作用函数对Derived类可见，不再隐藏

class Derived :public Base
{
public:
    using Base::mf1;
    using Base::mf3; //取消隐藏

    virtual void mf1();
    void mf3();
    void mf4();
};

• 也可以通过在Derived类调用Base类的函数--避免隐藏Basse类的函数

#include <iostream>
class Base
{
public:
    void mf1(int a)
    {
        printf("====%d\n ",a );
    };
};
 
class Derived :public Base
{
public:
    void mf1()
    {
       Base::mf1(10);
    };

};
int main()
{
    Derived d;  
    d.mf1();  //正确
    return 0;
}