智能指针shared_ptr

shared_ptr是一个最像指针的“智能指针”，包装了new操作符在堆上分配的动态对象，但它实现的是引用计数型的智能指针，可以自由地拷贝和赋值，可以再任意的地方共享它，可以安全地放在标准容器中，

 

Windows下boost的下载安装配置 测试

boost中的shared_ptr源码：

#ifndef BOOST_SHARED_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_SHARED_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED

//
//  shared_ptr.hpp
//
//  (C) Copyright Greg Colvin and Beman Dawes 1998, 1999.
//  Copyright (c) 2001-2007 Peter Dimov
//
//  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
//  accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.htm for documentation.
//

#include <boost/config.hpp>   // for broken compiler workarounds

#if defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) && !defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)
#include <boost/detail/shared_ptr_nmt.hpp>
#else

#include <memory>               // for std::auto_ptr

#include <boost/assert.hpp>
#include <boost/checked_delete.hpp>
#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
//#include <boost/detail/shared_count.hpp>
#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>

#include <algorithm>            // for std::swap
#include <functional>           // for std::less
#include <typeinfo>             // for std::bad_cast
#include <iosfwd>               // for std::basic_ostream

#ifdef BOOST_MSVC  // moved here to work around VC++ compiler crash
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable:4284) // odd return type for operator->
#endif

namespace boost
{

	template<class T> class weak_ptr;
	template<class T> class enable_shared_from_this;

	namespace detail
	{

		struct static_cast_tag {};
		struct const_cast_tag {};
		struct dynamic_cast_tag {};
		struct polymorphic_cast_tag {};

		template<class T> struct shared_ptr_traits
		{
			typedef T & reference;
		};

		template<> struct shared_ptr_traits<void>
		{
			typedef void reference;
		};

#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CV_VOID_SPECIALIZATIONS)

		template<> struct shared_ptr_traits<void const>
		{
			typedef void reference;
		};

		template<> struct shared_ptr_traits<void volatile>
		{
			typedef void reference;
		};

		template<> struct shared_ptr_traits<void const volatile>
		{
			typedef void reference;
		};

#endif

		// enable_shared_from_this support

		template<class T, class Y> void sp_enable_shared_from_this(shared_count const & pn, boost::enable_shared_from_this<T> const * pe, Y const * px)
		{
			if (pe != 0) pe->_internal_weak_this._internal_assign(const_cast<Y*>(px), pn);
		}

#ifdef _MANAGED

		// Avoid C4793, ... causes native code generation

		struct sp_any_pointer
		{
			template<class T> sp_any_pointer(T*) {}
		};

		inline void sp_enable_shared_from_this(shared_count const & /*pn*/, sp_any_pointer, sp_any_pointer)
		{
		}

#else // _MANAGED

#ifdef sgi
		// Turn off: the last argument of the varargs function "sp_enable_shared_from_this" is unnamed
# pragma set woff 3506
#endif

		inline void sp_enable_shared_from_this(shared_count const & /*pn*/, ...)
		{
		}

#ifdef sgi
# pragma reset woff 3506
#endif

#endif // _MANAGED

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_SFINAE ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR )

		// rvalue auto_ptr support based on a technique by Dave Abrahams

		template< class T, class R > struct sp_enable_if_auto_ptr
		{
		};

		template< class T, class R > struct sp_enable_if_auto_ptr< std::auto_ptr< T >, R >
		{
			typedef R type;
		};

#endif

	} // namespace detail


	  //
	  //  shared_ptr
	  //
	  //  An enhanced relative of scoped_ptr with reference counted copy semantics.
	  //  The object pointed to is deleted when the last shared_ptr pointing to it
	  //  is destroyed or reset.
	  //

	template<class T> class shared_ptr
	{
	private:

		// Borland 5.5.1 specific workaround
		typedef shared_ptr<T> this_type;

	public:

		typedef T element_type;
		typedef T value_type;
		typedef T * pointer;
		typedef typename boost::detail::shared_ptr_traits<T>::reference reference;

		shared_ptr() : px(0), pn() // never throws in 1.30+
		{
		}

		template<class Y>
		explicit shared_ptr(Y * p) : px(p), pn(p) // Y must be complete
		{
			boost::detail::sp_enable_shared_from_this(pn, p, p);
		}

		//
		// Requirements: D's copy constructor must not throw
		//
		// shared_ptr will release p by calling d(p)
		//

		template<class Y, class D> shared_ptr(Y * p, D d) : px(p), pn(p, d)
		{
			boost::detail::sp_enable_shared_from_this(pn, p, p);
		}

		// As above, but with allocator. A's copy constructor shall not throw.

		template<class Y, class D, class A> shared_ptr(Y * p, D d, A a) : px(p), pn(p, d, a)
		{
			boost::detail::sp_enable_shared_from_this(pn, p, p);
		}

		//  generated copy constructor, assignment, destructor are fine...

		//  except that Borland C++ has a bug, and g++ with -Wsynth warns
#if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__GNUC__)

		shared_ptr & operator=(shared_ptr const & r) // never throws
		{
			px = r.px;
			pn = r.pn; // shared_count::op= doesn't throw
			return *this;
		}

#endif

		template<class Y>
		explicit shared_ptr(weak_ptr<Y> const & r) : pn(r.pn) // may throw
		{
			// it is now safe to copy r.px, as pn(r.pn) did not throw
			px = r.px;
		}

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y> const & r) : px(r.px), pn(r.pn) // never throws
		{
		}

		// aliasing
		template< class Y >
		shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y> const & r, T * p) : px(p), pn(r.pn) // never throws
		{
		}

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y> const & r, boost::detail::static_cast_tag) : px(static_cast<element_type *>(r.px)), pn(r.pn)
		{
		}

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y> const & r, boost::detail::const_cast_tag) : px(const_cast<element_type *>(r.px)), pn(r.pn)
		{
		}

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y> const & r, boost::detail::dynamic_cast_tag) : px(dynamic_cast<element_type *>(r.px)), pn(r.pn)
		{
			if (px == 0) // need to allocate new counter -- the cast failed
			{
				pn = boost::detail::shared_count();
			}
		}

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y> const & r, boost::detail::polymorphic_cast_tag) : px(dynamic_cast<element_type *>(r.px)), pn(r.pn)
		{
			if (px == 0)
			{
				boost::throw_exception(std::bad_cast());
			}
		}

#ifndef BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

		template<class Y>
		explicit shared_ptr(std::auto_ptr<Y> & r) : px(r.get()), pn()
		{
			Y * tmp = r.get();
			pn = boost::detail::shared_count(r);
			boost::detail::sp_enable_shared_from_this(pn, tmp, tmp);
		}

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_SFINAE ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION )

		template<class Ap>
		shared_ptr(Ap r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_auto_ptr<Ap, int>::type = 0) : px(r.get()), pn()
		{
			typename Ap::element_type * tmp = r.get();
			pn = boost::detail::shared_count(r);
			boost::detail::sp_enable_shared_from_this(pn, tmp, tmp);
		}


#endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE, BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION

#endif // BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || (BOOST_MSVC >= 1300)

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr & operator=(shared_ptr<Y> const & r) // never throws
		{
			px = r.px;
			pn = r.pn; // shared_count::op= doesn't throw
			return *this;
		}

#endif

#ifndef BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr & operator=(std::auto_ptr<Y> & r)
		{
			this_type(r).swap(*this);
			return *this;
		}

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_SFINAE ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION )

		template<class Ap>
		typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_auto_ptr< Ap, shared_ptr & >::type operator=(Ap r)
		{
			this_type(r).swap(*this);
			return *this;
		}


#endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE, BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION

#endif // BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

		// Move support

#if defined( BOOST_HAS_RVALUE_REFS )

		shared_ptr(shared_ptr && r) : px(r.px), pn() // never throws
		{
			pn.swap(r.pn);
			r.px = 0;
		}

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr(shared_ptr<Y> && r) : px(r.px), pn() // never throws
		{
			pn.swap(r.pn);
			r.px = 0;
		}

		shared_ptr & operator=(shared_ptr && r) // never throws
		{
			this_type(static_cast< shared_ptr && >(r)).swap(*this);
			return *this;
		}

		template<class Y>
		shared_ptr & operator=(shared_ptr<Y> && r) // never throws
		{
			this_type(static_cast< shared_ptr<Y> && >(r)).swap(*this);
			return *this;
		}

#endif

		void reset() // never throws in 1.30+
		{
			this_type().swap(*this);
		}

		template<class Y> void reset(Y * p) // Y must be complete
		{
			BOOST_ASSERT(p == 0 || p != px); // catch self-reset errors
			this_type(p).swap(*this);
		}

		template<class Y, class D> void reset(Y * p, D d)
		{
			this_type(p, d).swap(*this);
		}

		template<class Y, class D, class A> void reset(Y * p, D d, A a)
		{
			this_type(p, d, a).swap(*this);
		}

		template<class Y> void reset(shared_ptr<Y> const & r, T * p)
		{
			this_type(r, p).swap(*this);
		}

		reference operator* () const // never throws
		{
			BOOST_ASSERT(px != 0);
			return *px;
		}

		T * operator-> () const // never throws
		{
			BOOST_ASSERT(px != 0);
			return px;
		}

		T * get() const // never throws
		{
			return px;
		}

		// implicit conversion to "bool"

#if ( defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(__SUNPRO_CC, < 0x570) ) || defined(__CINT__)

		operator bool() const
		{
			return px != 0;
		}

#elif defined( _MANAGED )

		static void unspecified_bool(this_type***)
		{
		}

		typedef void(*unspecified_bool_type)(this_type***);

		operator unspecified_bool_type() const // never throws
		{
			return px == 0 ? 0 : unspecified_bool;
		}

#elif \
    ( defined(__MWERKS__) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(__MWERKS__, < 0x3200) ) || \
    ( defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ < 304) ) || \
    ( defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(__SUNPRO_CC, <= 0x590) )

		typedef T * (this_type::*unspecified_bool_type)() const;

		operator unspecified_bool_type() const // never throws
		{
			return px == 0 ? 0 : &this_type::get;
		}

#else 

		typedef T * this_type::*unspecified_bool_type;

		operator unspecified_bool_type() const // never throws
		{
			return px == 0 ? 0 : &this_type::px;
		}

#endif

		// operator! is redundant, but some compilers need it

		bool operator! () const // never throws
		{
			return px == 0;
		}

		bool unique() const // never throws
		{
			return pn.unique();
		}

		long use_count() const // never throws
		{
			return pn.use_count();
		}

		void swap(shared_ptr<T> & other) // never throws
		{
			std::swap(px, other.px);
			pn.swap(other.pn);
		}

		template<class Y> bool _internal_less(shared_ptr<Y> const & rhs) const
		{
			return pn < rhs.pn;
		}

		void * _internal_get_deleter(detail::sp_typeinfo const & ti) const
		{
			return pn.get_deleter(ti);
		}

		// Tasteless as this may seem, making all members public allows member templates
		// to work in the absence of member template friends. (Matthew Langston)

#ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS

	private:

		template<class Y> friend class shared_ptr;
		template<class Y> friend class weak_ptr;


#endif

		T * px;                     // contained pointer
		boost::detail::shared_count pn;    // reference counter

	};  // shared_ptr

	template<class T, class U> inline bool operator==(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<U> const & b)
	{
		return a.get() == b.get();
	}

	template<class T, class U> inline bool operator!=(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<U> const & b)
	{
		return a.get() != b.get();
	}

#if __GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ <= 96

	// Resolve the ambiguity between our op!= and the one in rel_ops

	template<class T> inline bool operator!=(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<T> const & b)
	{
		return a.get() != b.get();
	}

#endif

	template<class T, class U> inline bool operator<(shared_ptr<T> const & a, shared_ptr<U> const & b)
	{
		return a._internal_less(b);
	}

	template<class T> inline void swap(shared_ptr<T> & a, shared_ptr<T> & b)
	{
		a.swap(b);
	}

	template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast(shared_ptr<U> const & r)
	{
		return shared_ptr<T>(r, boost::detail::static_cast_tag());
	}

	template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast(shared_ptr<U> const & r)
	{
		return shared_ptr<T>(r, boost::detail::const_cast_tag());
	}

	template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast(shared_ptr<U> const & r)
	{
		return shared_ptr<T>(r, boost::detail::dynamic_cast_tag());
	}

	// shared_*_cast names are deprecated. Use *_pointer_cast instead.

	template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> shared_static_cast(shared_ptr<U> const & r)
	{
		return shared_ptr<T>(r, boost::detail::static_cast_tag());
	}

	template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> shared_dynamic_cast(shared_ptr<U> const & r)
	{
		return shared_ptr<T>(r, boost::detail::dynamic_cast_tag());
	}

	template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> shared_polymorphic_cast(shared_ptr<U> const & r)
	{
		return shared_ptr<T>(r, boost::detail::polymorphic_cast_tag());
	}

	template<class T, class U> shared_ptr<T> shared_polymorphic_downcast(shared_ptr<U> const & r)
	{
		BOOST_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<T *>(r.get()) == r.get());
		return shared_static_cast<T>(r);
	}

	// get_pointer() enables boost::mem_fn to recognize shared_ptr

	template<class T> inline T * get_pointer(shared_ptr<T> const & p)
	{
		return p.get();
	}

	// operator<<

#if defined(__GNUC__) &&  (__GNUC__ < 3)

	template<class Y> std::ostream & operator<< (std::ostream & os, shared_ptr<Y> const & p)
	{
		os << p.get();
		return os;
	}

#else

	// in STLport's no-iostreams mode no iostream symbols can be used
#ifndef _STLP_NO_IOSTREAMS

# if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1300 && __SGI_STL_PORT)
	// MSVC6 has problems finding std::basic_ostream through the using declaration in namespace _STL
	using std::basic_ostream;
	template<class E, class T, class Y> basic_ostream<E, T> & operator<< (basic_ostream<E, T> & os, shared_ptr<Y> const & p)
# else
	template<class E, class T, class Y> std::basic_ostream<E, T> & operator<< (std::basic_ostream<E, T> & os, shared_ptr<Y> const & p)
# endif 
	{
		os << p.get();
		return os;
	}

#endif // _STLP_NO_IOSTREAMS

#endif // __GNUC__ < 3

	// get_deleter

#if ( defined(__GNUC__) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(__GNUC__, < 3) ) || \
    ( defined(__EDG_VERSION__) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(__EDG_VERSION__, <= 238) ) || \
    ( defined(__HP_aCC) && BOOST_WORKAROUND(__HP_aCC, <= 33500) )

	// g++ 2.9x doesn't allow static_cast<X const *>(void *)
	// apparently EDG 2.38 and HP aCC A.03.35 also don't accept it

	template<class D, class T> D * get_deleter(shared_ptr<T> const & p)
	{
		void const * q = p._internal_get_deleter(BOOST_SP_TYPEID(D));
		return const_cast<D *>(static_cast<D const *>(q));
	}

#else

	template<class D, class T> D * get_deleter(shared_ptr<T> const & p)
	{
		return static_cast<D *>(p._internal_get_deleter(BOOST_SP_TYPEID(D)));
	}

#endif

} // namespace boost

#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
# pragma warning(pop)
#endif    

#endif  // #if defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) && !defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)

#endif  // #ifndef BOOST_SHARED_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED