K8S集群搭建

置顶座上客

已于 2022-08-03 23:37:11 修改

阅读量272

点赞数

分类专栏： linux docker 文章标签：运维 linux kubernetes

于 2022-07-26 23:24:47 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37959155/article/details/126004672

版权

linux 同时被 2 个专栏收录

8 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

docker

7 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

1 前置条件

1.1 安装虚拟机

安装步骤参考这篇文章
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29440353/article/details/88734126

安装2台或更多，1核2处理器，4G内存，20GB硬盘足够。已安装可跳过

1.2 设置虚拟机为固定ip

我把两台虚拟机的ip分别设置为192.168.177.128,192.168.177.130。128为master,130为工作节点
.
具体设置步骤参考这篇文章
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38650613/article/details/118884995

主要有以下内容更改或者添加 ,此内容所在文件名你自己的可能跟别人不一样，
例如我的在叫ifcfg-eth33,你的可能叫ifcfg-eth0
取决于你的网卡

BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.177.132"
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
GATEWAY="192.168.177.1"
DNS1="8.8.8.8"

修改完成后记得重启网络服务

service network restart

如果已经设置了就跳过

1.3 更换yum源

将yum源换成国内的地址

1.备份系统自带yum源配置文件

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.back

2.通过curl下载yum源
需要服务器可以联网

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

如果是5,6,8，那就把7换成对应的数数字

网上给的更换yum源基本都是通过wget

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

如果有wget，可以用这个，没有就用curl那个

3.运行yum makecache生成缓存

yum makecache

4.更新yum源

yum -y update

5.安装wget

yum install -y wget

1.4 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

1.5 关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

1.6 关闭swap

swapoff -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
free -g

1.7 同步时间(查看时间date)

使用date查看两台机器时间是否一致

如果不一样

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

1.8 添加主机名与IP对应关系

先添加下面的代码到master节点和工作节点的/etc/hosts，再使用hostname查看是否正确
vi /etc/hosts

192.168.177.128 k8s-master
192.168.177.130 k8s-node1

master节点和工作节点查看主机名

hostname

如果哪个机器的主机名不正确，可以通过hostnamectl set-hostname <newhostname>:指定新的hostname命令来进行修改
如

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master

2 安装docker（主节点+工作节点都要执行）

1.先安装yml

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

2.设置阿里云镜像（下载docker加速）

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

3.查看可安装的docker版本

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

4.安装docker

yum -y install docker-ce-20.10.10-3.el7

5.查看docker版本

docker -v

6.配置镜像加速（下载docker里的其他镜像加速）

sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://17o3zxc0.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

7.配置开机自启动

systemctl enable docker.service

8.启动docker

 systemctl start docker

9.查看docker 启动状态

  systemctl status docker

3 k8s安装

3.1 配置阿里云镜像源（主节点+工作节点都要执行）

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

3.2 安装kubelet kubeadm kubectl（主节点+工作节点都要执行）

yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0

3.3 开机自启动（主节点+工作节点都要执行）

 systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

3.4 主节点初始化（主节点执行）

kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.177.132 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 \
  --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

只修改两个地方(apiserver-advertise-address是你自己的master主机ip【如果你是云服务器就是云服务器的内网IP】，kubernetes-version是你自己k8s软件版本)，其余不用修改

初始化过程中如果出现以下错误

  [ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables]: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables contents are not set to 1

就执行

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

执行完后再次执行初始化命令

初始化完成后，界面会出现一些命令

3.5 主节点执行命令(主节点执行)

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

3.6 加入工作节点(工作节点里执行)

加入工作节点之前需要确保主节点和工作节点可以通讯,如果是虚拟机部署，则互相之间可以ping得通，如果是云服务器部署，则内网ip之间ping得通。

执行加入命令，命令来源于主节点初始化完成后的界面，别直接执行下面的

 kubeadm join 192.168.177.128:6443 --token yr1pr8.zumqsi58uhd26ggt \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:51e0c83531a23745c6c8add70603786c7690aae3a655c6aaef91e40b423478d3

如果出现如下错误

[ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables]: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables contents are not set to 1

就执行

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

然后再次执行加入命令

3.7 查看节点(主节点执行)

kubectl get nodes

发现所有节点态都是NotReady，需要配置网络插件

3.8 安装网络插件(主节点执行)

/usr/local/k8s目录下执行这条命令安装


kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

如果安不了就是访问不了该地址，就用下面方式

（建议保存文件，上传使用）主节点上传本文件到 /usr/local/k8s目录，然后在 ```/usr/local/k8s``目录下执行命令

kubectl apply -f flannel.yaml

文件内容如下,直接使用：

apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unsed in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "cniVersion": "0.2.0",
      "name": "cbr0",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64 
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: lizhenliang/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64 
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
           add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
      - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
          fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
      - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
          fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
        mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
        mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
        hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg

4 k8s卸载

kubeadm reset -f
modprobe -r ipip
lsmod
rm -rf ~/.kube/
rm -rf /etc/kubernetes/
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
rm -rf /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service
rm -rf /usr/bin/kube*
rm -rf /etc/cni
rm -rf /opt/cni
rm -rf /var/lib/etcd
rm -rf /var/etcd
yum clean all
yum remove kube*