关键点:
<!--实现原理:要保证这两个canvas相互重叠;z-index表示了两个画布的上下层关系-->
<!--是WEBGL的三维图形Canvas(主要用于绘制三维场景)-->
<canvas id="webgl" width="400" height="400" style="position: absolute; z-index: 0">
Please use a browser that supports "canvas"
</canvas>
<!--二维的HUD的canvas(主要用于绘制HUD信息)-->
<canvas id="hud" width="400" height="400" style="position: absolute; z-index: 1"></canvas>
js核心代码:
// Vertex shader program
var VSHADER_SOURCE =
'attribute vec4 a_Position;\n' +
'attribute vec4 a_Color;\n' +
'uniform mat4 u_MvpMatrix;\n' +
'uniform bool u_Clicked;\n' + // Mouse is pressed
'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' +
'void main() {\n' +
' gl_Position = u_MvpMatrix * a_Position;\n' +
' if (u_Clicked) {\n' + // Draw in red if mouse is pressed
' v_Color = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);\n' +
' } else {\n' +
' v_Color = a_Color;\n' +
' }\n' +
'}\n';
// Fragment shader program
var FSHADER_SOURCE =
'#ifdef GL_ES\n' +
'precision mediump float;\n' +
'#endif\n' +
'varying vec4 v_Color;\n' +
'void main() {\n' +
' gl_FragColor = v_Color;\n' +
'}\n';
var ANGLE_STEP = 20.0; // Rotation angle (degrees/second)
function main() {
// Retrieve <canvas> element
var canvas = document.getElementById('webgl');
var hud = document.getElementById('hud');
if (!canvas || !hud) {
console.log('Failed to get HTML elements');
return false;
}
// Get the rendering context for WebGL
var gl = getWebGLContext(canvas);
// Get the rendering context for 2DCG
var ctx = hud.getContext('2d');
if (!gl || !ctx) {
console.log('Failed to get rendering context');
return;
}
// Initialize shaders
if (!initShaders(gl, VSHADER_SOURCE, FSHADER_SOURCE)) {
console.log('Failed to intialize shaders.');
return;
}
// Set the vertex information
var n = initVertexBuffers(gl);
if (n < 0) {
console.log('Failed to set the vertex information');
return;
}
// Set the clear color and enable the depth test
gl.clearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
gl.enable(gl.DEPTH_TEST);
// Get the storage locations of uniform variables
var u_MvpMatrix = gl.getUniformLocation(gl.program, 'u_MvpMatrix');
var u_Clicked = gl.getUniformLocation(gl.program, 'u_Clicked');
if (!u_MvpMatrix || !u_Clicked) {
console.log('Failed to get the storage location of uniform variables');
return;
}
// Calculate the view projection matrix
var viewProjMatrix = new Matrix4();
viewProjMatrix.setPerspective(30.0, canvas.width / canvas.height, 1.0, 100.0);
viewProjMatrix.lookAt(0.0, 0.0, 7.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
gl.uniform1i(u_Clicked, 0); // Pass false to u_Clicked
var currentAngle = 0.0; // Current rotation angle
// 鼠标在HUD画布中如果有动作将就响应
hud.onmousedown = function(ev) { // Mouse is pressed
var x = ev.clientX, y = ev.clientY;
var rect = ev.target.getBoundingClientRect();
if (rect.left <= x && x < rect.right && rect.top <= y && y < rect.bottom) {
// If pressed position is inside <canvas>, check if it is above object
var x_in_canvas = x - rect.left, y_in_canvas = rect.bottom - y;
var picked = check(gl, n, x_in_canvas, y_in_canvas, currentAngle, u_Clicked, viewProjMatrix, u_MvpMatrix);
if (picked) alert('The cube was selected! '); }
}
var tick = function() { // Start drawing
currentAngle = animate(currentAngle);
//重复绘制二维图形(不断更新角度值)
draw2D(ctx, currentAngle); // Draw 2D
draw(gl, n, currentAngle, viewProjMatrix, u_MvpMatrix);
requestAnimationFrame(tick, canvas);
};
tick();
}
function initVertexBuffers(gl) {
// Create a cube
// v6----- v5
// /| /|
// v1------v0|
// | | | |
// | |v7---|-|v4
// |/ |/
// v2------v3
var vertices = new Float32Array([ // Vertex coordinates
1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0, // v0-v1-v2-v3 front
1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,-1.0, // v0-v3-v4-v5 right
1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,-1.0, -1.0, 1.0,-1.0, -1.0, 1.0, 1.0, // v0-v5-v6-v1 up
-1.0, 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0,-1.0, -1.0,-1.0,-1.0, -1.0,-1.0, 1.0, // v1-v6-v7-v2 left
-1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0,-1.0,-1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0, -1.0,-1.0, 1.0, // v7-v4-v3-v2 down
1.0,-1.0,-1.0, -1.0,-1.0,-1.0, -1.0, 1.0,-1.0, 1.0, 1.0,-1.0 // v4-v7-v6-v5 back
]);
var colors = new Float32Array([ // Colors
0.2, 0.58, 0.82, 0.2, 0.58, 0.82, 0.2, 0.58, 0.82, 0.2, 0.58, 0.82, // v0-v1-v2-v3 front
0.5, 0.41, 0.69, 0.5, 0.41, 0.69, 0.5, 0.41, 0.69, 0.5, 0.41, 0.69, // v0-v3-v4-v5 right
0.0, 0.32, 0.61, 0.0, 0.32, 0.61, 0.0, 0.32, 0.61, 0.0, 0.32, 0.61, // v0-v5-v6-v1 up
0.78, 0.69, 0.84, 0.78, 0.69, 0.84, 0.78, 0.69, 0.84, 0.78, 0.69, 0.84, // v1-v6-v7-v2 left
0.32, 0.18, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.56, // v7-v4-v3-v2 down
0.73, 0.82, 0.93, 0.73, 0.82, 0.93, 0.73, 0.82, 0.93, 0.73, 0.82, 0.93, // v4-v7-v6-v5 back
]);
// Indices of the vertices
var indices = new Uint8Array([
0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 3, // front
4, 5, 6, 4, 6, 7, // right
8, 9,10, 8,10,11, // up
12,13,14, 12,14,15, // left
16,17,18, 16,18,19, // down
20,21,22, 20,22,23 // back
]);
// Write the vertex property to buffers (coordinates and normals)
if (!initArrayBuffer(gl, vertices, 3, gl.FLOAT, 'a_Position')) return -1; // Coordinates
if (!initArrayBuffer(gl, colors, 3, gl.FLOAT, 'a_Color')) return -1; // Color Information
// Create a buffer object
var indexBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
if (!indexBuffer) {
return -1;
}
// Write the indices to the buffer object
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indexBuffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
return indices.length;
}
function check(gl, n, x, y, currentAngle, u_Clicked, viewProjMatrix, u_MvpMatrix) {
var picked = false;
gl.uniform1i(u_Clicked, 1); // Pass true to u_Clicked(Draw cube with red)
draw(gl, n, currentAngle, viewProjMatrix, u_MvpMatrix);
// Read pixel at the clicked position
var pixels = new Uint8Array(4); // Array for storing the pixel value
gl.readPixels(x, y, 1, 1, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
if (pixels[0] == 255) // If red = 255, clicked on cube
picked = true;
gl.uniform1i(u_Clicked, 0); // Pass false to u_Clicked(Draw cube with specified color)
draw(gl, n, currentAngle, viewProjMatrix, u_MvpMatrix);
return picked;
}
var g_MvpMatrix = new Matrix4(); // Model view projection matrix
function draw(gl, n, currentAngle, viewProjMatrix, u_MvpMatrix) {
// Caliculate The model view projection matrix and pass it to u_MvpMatrix
g_MvpMatrix.set(viewProjMatrix);
g_MvpMatrix.rotate(currentAngle, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); // Rotate appropriately
g_MvpMatrix.rotate(currentAngle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
g_MvpMatrix.rotate(currentAngle, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
gl.uniformMatrix4fv(u_MvpMatrix, false, g_MvpMatrix.elements);
gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear buffers (color and depth)
gl.drawElements(gl.TRIANGLES, n, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0); // Draw
}
//实现二维图形的绘制工作
function draw2D(ctx, currentAngle) {
//传入左上角坐标,宽度和高度,清空绘图区
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, 400, 400); // Clear <hud>
// Draw triangle with white lines
ctx.beginPath(); // Start drawing
ctx.moveTo(120, 10); ctx.lineTo(200, 150); ctx.lineTo(40, 150);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)'; // Set white to color of lines
ctx.stroke(); // Draw Triangle with white lines
// Draw white letters
ctx.font = '18px "Times New Roman"';
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)'; // Set white to the color of letters
ctx.fillText('HUD: Head Up Display', 40, 180);
ctx.fillText('Triangle is drawn by Canvas 2D API.', 40, 200);
ctx.fillText('Cube is drawn by WebGL API.', 40, 220);
//Math.floor截掉了小数部分(这里也需要重绘)
ctx.fillText('Current Angle: '+ Math.floor(currentAngle), 40, 240);
}
var last = Date.now(); // Last time that this function was called
function animate(angle) {
var now = Date.now(); // Calculate the elapsed time
var elapsed = now - last;
last = now;
// Update the current rotation angle (adjusted by the elapsed time)
var newAngle = angle + (ANGLE_STEP * elapsed) / 1000.0;
return newAngle % 360;
}
function initArrayBuffer (gl, data, num, type, attribute) {
// Create a buffer object
var buffer = gl.createBuffer();
if (!buffer) {
console.log('Failed to create the buffer object');
return false;
}
// Write date into the buffer object
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, data, gl.STATIC_DRAW);
// Assign the buffer object to the attribute variable
var a_attribute = gl.getAttribLocation(gl.program, attribute);
if (a_attribute < 0) {
console.log('Failed to get the storage location of ' + attribute);
return false;
}
gl.vertexAttribPointer(a_attribute, num, type, false, 0, 0);
// Enable the assignment of the buffer object to the attribute variable
gl.enableVertexAttribArray(a_attribute);
// Unbind the buffer object
gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, null);
return true;
}