sql经典40题（上）

这是从和鲸上看到的sql经典44题，网址为：https://www.kesci.com/home/project/5ebb8fa0472803004186b343

其中有自己的解法，也有不同方法上的对比以及自己的注释。

首先建表：

create table Student(
    sid varchar(10),
    sname varchar(10),
    sage datetime,
    ssex varchar(10)
);
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
create table Course(
    cid varchar(10),
    cname varchar(10),
    tid varchar(10)
);
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');
create table Teacher(
    tid varchar(10),
    tname varchar(10)
);
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');
create table SC(
    sid varchar(10),
    cid varchar(10),
    score decimal(18,1)
);
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '0