工厂模式
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
import json
class JSONConnector:
def __init__(self, filepath):
self.data = dict()
with open(filepath, mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
self.data = json.load(f)
@property
def parsed_data(self):
return self.data
class XMLConnector:
def __init__(self, filepath):
self.tree = etree.parse(filepath)
@property
def parsed_data(self):
return self.tree
def connection_factory(filepath):
if filepath.endswith('json'):
connector = JSONConnector
elif filepath.endswith('xml'):
connector = XMLConnector
else:
raise ValueError('Cannot connect to {}'.format(filepath))
return connector(filepath)
def connect_to(filepath):
factory = None
try:
factory = connection_factory(filepath)
except ValueError as ve:
print(ve)
return factory
def main():
sqlite_factory = connect_to('data/person.sq3')
print()
xml_factory = connect_to('data/person.xml')
xml_data = xml_factory.parsed_data
liars = xml_data.findall(".//{}[{}='{}']".format('person',
'lastName', 'Liar'))
print('found: {} persons'.format(len(liars)))
for liar in liars:
print('first name: {}'.format(liar.find('firstName').text))
print('last name: {}'.format(liar.find('lastName').text))
[print('phone number ({})'.format(p.attrib['type']),
p.text) for p in liar.find('phoneNumbers')]
print()
json_factory = connect_to('data/donut.json')
json_data = json_factory.parsed_data
print('found: {} donuts'.format(len(json_data)))
for donut in json_data:
print('name: {}'.format(donut['name']))
print('price: ${}'.format(donut['ppu']))
[print('topping: {} {}'.format(t['id'], t['type'])) for t in donut['topping']]
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
抽象工厂
import random
class PetShop:
"""A pet shop"""
def __init__(self, animal_factory=None):
"""pet_factory is our abstract factory. We can set it at will."""
self.pet_factory = animal_factory
def show_pet(self):
"""Creates and shows a pet using the abstract factory"""
pet = self.pet_factory.get_pet()
print("We have a lovely {}".format(pet))
print("It says {}".format(pet.speak()))
print("We also have {}".format(self.pet_factory.get_food()))
# Stuff that our factory makes
class Dog:
def speak(self):
return "woof"
def __str__(self):
return "Dog"
class Cat:
def speak(self):
return "meow"
def __str__(self):
return "Cat"
# Factory classes
class DogFactory:
def get_pet(self):
return Dog()
def get_food(self):
return "dog food"
class CatFactory:
def get_pet(self):
return Cat()
def get_food(self):
return "cat food"
# Create the proper family
def get_factory():
"""Let's be dynamic!"""
return random.choice([DogFactory, CatFactory])()
# Show pets with various factories
for i in range(3):
shop = PetShop(get_factory())
shop.show_pet()
print("=" * 20)
工厂方法模式针对的是一个产品等级结构;而抽象工厂模式则是针对的多个产品等级结构。
猫类和狗类的公用方法必须是speak(),不能让猫类的方法名是miaomiao() ,狗类的方法叫wangwang(),把它当鸭子类,在java是用实现接口来规范。py没有接口。