线程池:三大方法、7大参数、4种拒绝策略
线程池的好处:
1、降低资源的消耗
2、提高响应的速度
3、方便管理。
线程复用、可以控制最大并发数、管理线程
三大方法
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();// 单个线程
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); // 创建一个固定的线程池的大小
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // 可伸缩的,遇强则强,遇弱则弱
例子:
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
// Executors 工具类、3大方法
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();// 单个线程
// ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); // 创建一个固定的线程池的大小
// ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // 可伸缩的,遇强则强,遇弱则弱
try {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
// 使用了线程池之后,使用线程池来创建线程
threadPool.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" ok");
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 线程池用完,程序结束,关闭线程池
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
}
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();// 单个线程
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); // 创建一个固定的线程池的大小
ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // 可伸缩的,遇强则强,遇弱则弱
7大参数
源码:
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
//核心线程数:1
//最大线程池大小:1
//超时0释放
//单位:MILLISECONDS
//阻塞队列LinkedBlockingQueue
}
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
本质是调用ThreadPoolExecutor
ThreadPoolExecutor源码:
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, // 核心线程池大小
int maximumPoolSize, // 最大核心线程池大小
long keepAliveTime, //同步时间。 超时了没有人调用就会释放
TimeUnit unit, // 超时单位
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue, // 阻塞队列
ThreadFactory threadFactory, // 线程工厂:创建线程的,一般不用动
RejectedExecutionHandler handle)// 拒绝策略
{
if (corePoolSize < 0 || maximumPoolSize <= 0 || maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize || keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.acc = System.getSecurityManager() == null ?null : AccessController.getContext();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}
4种拒绝策略
/**
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy() // 银行满了,还有人进来,不处理这个人的,抛出异
常
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy() // 哪来的去哪里!
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy() //队列满了,丢掉任务,不会抛出异常!
* new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy() //队列满了,尝试去和最早的竞争,也不会
抛出异常!
*/
例子:
import java.util.concurrent.*;
public class Demo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 自定义线程池!工作 ThreadPoolExecutor
// 最大线程到底该如何定义
// 1、CPU 密集型,几核,就是几,可以保持CPu的效率最高!
// 2、IO 密集型 > 判断你程序中十分耗IO的线程,
// 程序 15个大型任务 io十分占用资源!
// 获取CPU的核数
System.out.println(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
2,
Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(),
3,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(3),
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(),
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());
//队列满了,尝试去和最早的竞争,也不会抛出异常!
try {
// 最大承载:Deque + max
// 超过 RejectedExecutionException
for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) {
// 使用了线程池之后,使用线程池来创建线程
threadPool.execute(()->{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" ok");
});
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 线程池用完,程序结束,关闭线程池
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
}