ReentrantReadWriteLock_读写锁

   读写锁的核心是实现读与写的分离,在高并发的情况下,尤其是读多写少的情况下,性能要远高于重入锁.对于Synchronize,ReentrantLock时,同一个时间内,只能由一个线程进行访问被锁定的代码,而读写锁则不同,其本质是分成两个锁,即读锁和写锁. 在读锁下,多个线程可以并发的进行访问,但是在写锁的时候,只能一个个的顺序访问.
   读读共享,写写互斥,读写互斥
一、读写锁代码示例

public class UseReentrantReadWriteLock {

	private ReentrantReadWriteLock rwLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
	private ReadLock readLock = rwLock.readLock();
	private WriteLock writeLock = rwLock.writeLock();
	
	public void read(){
		try {
			readLock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			readLock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public void write(){
		try {
			writeLock.lock();
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "进入...");
			Thread.sleep(3000);
			System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "退出...");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			writeLock.unlock();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		final UseReentrantReadWriteLock urrw = new UseReentrantReadWriteLock();
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.read();
			}
		}, "t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.read();
			}
		}, "t2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.write();
			}
		}, "t3");
		Thread t4 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				urrw.write();
			}
		}, "t4");		
		
//		t1.start();
//		t2.start();
		
//		t1.start(); // R 
//		t3.start(); // W
		
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
		
		
	}
}

一、锁的优化

   1.避免死锁
   2.减少锁的持有时间
   3.减少锁的粒度
   4.锁的分离
   5.尽量使用无锁的操作,如:原子操作(Automic系列类),volatile关键字